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WISCONSIN MONUMENT 

Front of Pedestal. State Legend. 




Wisconsin Monument. 14th Wisconsin Legend. 




Wisconsin Monument. 16th Wisconsin Legend. 





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Wisconsin Monument. 18th Wisconsin Legend. 



WISCONSIN AT SHILOH 



Report of tfje Commission 




COMPILED 



CAPT. F. H. MAGDEBURG 



issued by 

Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission 

1 909 



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DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTE! 
MADISON, WISCONSIN 



D. OF 0, 

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CONTENTS 



Page 

Report of the Com miss ion 13 

Expenditures 17 

Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh 23 

Story of the Putnam Stump 28 

Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry at bhiloh . . 35 

Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh 55 

Dedication Exercises 75-122 

Program 76 

Dedication and Prayer 77 

Columbia the < rem of the < >cean 78 

The Name of < >ld Glory 80 

Battle Hymn of the Republic 83 

Oration of Judge Jacob Fawcetl 84 

Dixie Land 97 

Decoration Day on t he Place 98 

Tenting on the Old < 'amp Ground 104 

A Tribute to Those Who Fell 105 

Address of Captain F. H. Magdeburg 107 

Acceptance and Presentation by Governor James < >. Davidson.. 110 

Acceptance by Colonel Cornelius ( !adle Ill 

Remarks, General Basil W. Duke 117 

America 121 

Benediction 122 

What Shiloh National Military Park ( lommission has done 127 

What States have done 133 

Shiloh Campaign and Battle 139 

The Battle 154 

Detailed Movements of Organizations 178 

Army of the Tennessee 178 213 

Army of the Ohio 213-221 

Summing up of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission 222 

A trip to Shiloh 225 

Resolutions 255 

List of participants in the Excursion to Dedicatory Services 256 



ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS 



Page 

Wisconsin Monument 2 

Wisconsin Monument. Stale Legend & 14th Wisconsin Legend .... 4 
Wisconsin Monument. 16th Wisconsin Legend & 18th Wisconsin 

Legend 5 

The < Jommissioners 12 

View of War Material 16 

Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee 18 

Field Officers of the L4th Wisconsin 19 

Field of Operation of the 14th Wisconsin April 7, 1862 22 

View of Batterj Charged and Tablet on Location from which 

> 'harge of 14th Wisconsin was made 25 

Fronl View of Putnam Si ump 27 

I tear View of Putnam Stump 28 

Field Officers of the 16th Wisconsin 31 

Fie|,i of Operation of the L6th Wisconsin April 6th and 7th, 1862... 33 

< laptain Saxe Tablet and his Piet ure 37 

Excursionists of 16th Wisconsin and Friends at Monument 41 

Burying Place of Color Guard of 16th Wisconsin in National Ceme- 

i er\ 44 

Captain Saxe's Family and Friends at Place where he was killed... 48 

< Original Burial Place of 16th Wisconsin 49 

Field ( Mlicers of the 18th Wisconsin 51 

Field of Operation of the 18th Wisconsin April 6 and 7, 1862 53 

Tablet erected h\ I", s. to 18th Wisconsin 57 

View Near last Posit ion of 18th Wisconsin 61 

Tablet erected by F. S. to L8th Wisconsin 65 

Excursionists of 18th Wisconsin and Friends at Monument 69 

.lames F. Yeaitnan, President Western Sanitary Commission 72 

to First Tent Field Hospital ' 73 

Dedical ion Party marching to Monument 75 

View of Wisconsin Monument 79 

GeneralJ. B. Stibbs reciting "Old Glory" 80 

Shilob Spring 82 

Governor .lames < >. i»a\ idson speaking 88 

Jacob Fawcett, orator 84 

r Louis P. Harvey 92 

Cherry House. Savannah, Tenn 97 

View ol Wisconsin Monument 98 

one of the Pits in which Confederate Dead were buried 102 



— 11- 
Page 

Captain F. H. Magdeburg, President of Wis. shiloh Mon. Com 107 

Major D. W. Reed, Secretary and Historian 109 

Governor James O. Davidson 110 

Taking on Cargo 113 

Colonel Cornelius Cadle accepting Monument 114 

Bloody Pond 116 

General Basil W. Duke 117 

Mrs. Mary Ann Ball Bickerdyke 122 

General W. H. L. Wallace and Monument by U. S 123 

General A. S. Johnston and Monument by U. S 125 

General William T. Sherman and Style of Division Headquarters 

Monuments erected by U. S 129 

General John McArthur and Style of Brigade Headquarters Monu- 
ments erected by U. S 131 

Minnesota State Monument 13.3 

Map of Field of Operations 1 37 

General Ulysses S. Grant 138 

Pennsylvania State Monument 143 

Tennessee Monument 149 

Map of Territory between Corinth, Miss., and Pittsburg Landing, 

Tenn 150 

Alabama Monument 151 

Iowa State Monument 157 

Iowa Style of Organization Monument 159 

Illinois State Monument 165 

Map First Day Battle 166 

Illinois Cavalry Monument 173 

Illinois Style of Organization Monument ISi 

Map Second Day Battle lyo 

One of the Ohio Monuments for Infantry 191 

Ohio Cavalry Monument 107 

Ohio Artillery Monument 205 

General Benj. M. Prentiss and Surrender Tablet 211 

Style of Indiana Monuments 219 

Picture of Gun in Actual Service April 6 and 7, 1862 222 

Bloody Pond 224 

Entrance to Cemetery 225 

View of Cemetery 233 

Tree near which Gen. A. S. Johnston fell 243 

View of where some of the hard fighting was done April 6, 1862.. 247 

Rhea Springs 251 

Three Views of Cemetery 253 

Excursion Steamer, City of Saltillo 257 




H<>< lv\\ I I I I OSBORNE 



II IT. AND ADJ. D. UOYD JONES. 
< Ml \IN I !l. M \(;i)I.I5l K(i. 

JEREMIAH \V. IJAEDOCK. 



Report of the Commission, 



THE "Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission was created 
by Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1901, which chapter was 
subsequently amended by Chapters 199, 371 and 53 of the 
Laws of 1903, 1905 and 1907, respectively. 

Soon after the passage of Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1901 
Governor R. M. La Follette appointed Captain F. H. Magdeburg 
and R. E. Osborne, of the Fourteenth, Lieutenant D. Lloyd Jones 
and D. G. James, of the Sixteenth, and J. W. Baldock, of the 
Eighteenth, as Commissioners. 

The Commissioners met and organized at Milwaukee by elect- 
ing Captain F. H. Magdeburg president and Lieutenant D. Lloyd 
Jones secretary. 

All the Commissioners went to Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., in 
October, 1901, and after having unanimously decided to erect but 
one monument for the three regiments, they selected a site, which 
was satisfactory to all of them, because all three regiments had 
fought over the ground selected — the Sixteenth and Eighteenth 
Regiments on the 6th and 7th of April, 1862, and the Fourteenth 
Regiment on the 7th of April, 1862, while the latter was making 
a charge against a Confederate battery, capturing the same. One 
gun of this battery has ever since been at Madison as a trophy. 

It took a long time to secure the approval of the site selected. 
As soon as approval was received we asked for designs, and the 
result thereof proved clearly the inadequacy of the appropriation 
and the unwisdom of the limitation as to the exclusive use of Wis- 
consin granite, contained in Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1901. 
The Commissioners then decided to await the approaching session 
of the Legislature of 1903 and to then ask for an increase of 
funds and for the elimination of the unbusiness-like restriction 
limiting the Commissioners to the exclusive use of Wisconsin 
granite. Our efforts were successful, and we obtained $5,000 
more, as well as an amendment which directed that the kind of 



materia] to be used in the construction of the monument was to 
be left to the judgment of the Commissioners. 

We then proceeded with the work, asked for designs limiting 
the cost, and offered premiums, for first and second choice, of 
$225 and -+7."). respectively. We appointed a committee of three, 
composed of a sculptor, an architect and a memher of our Com- 
mission, to make a selection from the designs submitted. First 
choice was awarded to the design submitted by Comrade Cap- 
tain \V. R. Hodges, of St. Louis, Mo., who had been a member 
of the Thirty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. The de- 
sign submitted by Captain Hodges embodied the patriotic senti- 
ment that all who die upon the battlefield for their country are 
sure of their reward in heaven. The design submitted contem- 
plated the figure of an officer. It was changed to represent a 
color sergeant, and the following instructions to the sculptor 
were given: The soldier should not be dead, but mortally 
stricken. His agony should be expressed by his grasp at his 
death wound, supposed to have been received near his heart. 
His face should express exultation at the knowledge that victorv 
crowns liis effort and that the sacrifice of his life to his country's 
cause is not in vain, which fact is made clear to him by Victory 
hull ling aloft the flag he carried, where, in his last moments, he 
can gaze upon it and glory in the comforting thought ot victory 
won. The figure of Victory should be imposing and chaste, and 
her face should express tenderness and solicitude. 

A contract Avas made with Captain W. R. Hodges on August 
20. 1903, which stipulated the sum of $13,000 and the premium 
for firsl choice, $225, as the consideration, and limited the time 
of completion to August 20, 1904. 

On December 29. 1904, Secretary D. Lloyd Jones died sud- 
denly at his home in Milwaukee. The work of the Commission 
being practically completed, we all joined in asking the Governor 
not to fill the vacancy in deference to Secretary Jones' memory, 
which request was acceded to. Commissioner I). G. James was 
then elected secretary of the Commission. 

Conditions over which no one had any control dragged the 

erection of the monument along to April. 1905. When com- 

pleted and erected, the pedestal Avas damaged by one of the 

workmen, necessitating the substitution of a hcay plinth, thus 

ing the work another three months. 



The Shiloli National Military Park Commissioners placed an 
iron tablet on the spot where Captain Saxe, of the Sixteenth 
Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, was killed, in commemoration of 
the fact that he was the first Union officer killed at the very 
beginning of the battle, April 6, 1862. 

The Commissioners, in April, 1905, unanimously agreed to 
have the Putnam stump on the battlefield replaced by an exact 
reproduction in granite, because part of the original had been 
destroyed in the Capitol fire at Madison, where it had been placed 
in the G. A. R. memorial room as a memento and for safe keep- 
ing, and because the other part of the stump still in place at 
Shiloli was fast decaying. The Commissioners desired to for- 
ever fix this location on behalf of the Fourteenth Wisconsin, of 
which Putnam was a member. He lost his life on that spot and 
was buried by his comrades where he fell. 

In July 1905, we were notified that the monument was accept- 
able to the Shiloh National Military Park Commission, it being 
in all respects up to their rules and requirements. It then being 
too late for dedication, the Commissioners decided upon April 7, 
1906, as the day of dedication, subject to the approval of the 
Governor. This being obtained, the work required to make the 
dedication of that monument a memorable and successful affair 
began. 

Chapter 53 of the Laws of 1907 made possible the publication 
of this official report of the Commissioners, accompanied with 
other information relating to the battle of Shiloh and the part 
taken therein by the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Eighteenth Regi- 
ments of Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, the dedication trip to 
Shiloh, as well as description of present condition of Shiloh bat- 
tlefield, with maps and views to make the volume instructive 
and interesting. 

We submit herewith our financial report up to December, 1906. 

In closing, the Commissioners desire to express their thanks to 
all who interested themselves in behalf of this work, to the press 
of Milwaukee and the State, as well as that of other States, giv- 
ing our work support as well as publicity, enabling us to make 
the whole, including the dedication, a grand success; to the rail- 
roads and steamboat companies granting reduced rates of fare, 
and especially to the Illinois Central Railroad, which placed a 
special train at our disposal going and special cars returning, as 



well as to the St. Louis & Tennessee River Packet Company for 
placing at our disposal their newest steamer, the City of Saltillo, 
we are under great obligations. 

Respectfully submitted by the Commissioners. 

F. H. Magdeburg, 

D. G. James, 

E. E. Osborne. 
J. W. Baldock. 




— 17 



Expenditures of Shiloh Monument Commission. 

1901. 

To Riverside Printing Company $ 4.00 

"• Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 272.20 $ 276.20 



1902. 

To Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 30.58 30.58 

1903. 

To Riverside Printing Company 5.00 

" T. Alice Ruggles Kitson 75.00 

" Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 21.69 101.69 

1904. 

To Riverside Printing Company 4.00 

" W. R. Hodges, contractor 2,500.00 

•• Traveling Expenses, F. H. Magdeburg 39.85 2,543.85 

1905. 

To Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 167.64 
" W. R. Hodges, contractor 10.725.00 10,892.64 

1906. 

To Joseph Newall & Co 200.00 

" Dedication Expenses 1.048.26 1,248.26 

$15,093.22 
Unexpended balance of appropriations 906.78 

Total appropriations Chapter 381, Laws 1901 ; Chap- 
ter 199, Laws 1903; Chapter 371, Laws 1905 $16,000.00 



— 18 







COL. DAVID E. WOOD. 
LIEUT. COL. ISAAC MESSMORE. MAJOR JOHN HANCOCK. 

14th Wisconsin. 



Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh, 
April 7, 1862. 



By Captain F. II. Magdeburg. 

THE Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was or- 
ganized in Camp Wood at Fond du Lac, Wis.. November, 
1861. by assigning thereto companies which were re- 
cruited at Fond du Lac, Weyauwega, Omro, La Crosse, Manito- 
woc, Depere, Chilton, Greenhush. Black "River Falls and Mazo- 
manie, and were respectively designated A, B, C, D, E, F, G-, H, I, 
and K. The regiment was mustered into the United States serv- 
ice in January, 1862, and left Fond du Lac March 8, 1862, for 
St. Louis, under the command of Colonel David E. Wood. After 
a brief stay at St. Louis it was ordered to Savannah, Tennessee, 
where it was still camped on April 6. 1862, when the battle of 
Shiloh began. 

In the evening of April 6 the regiment embarked on a steam- 
boat, and was landed at Pittsburg Landing after dark that night. 
It made its way up the sleep lank and camped in the open as 
best it could that night, most of the officers and men standing in 
the pouring rain all night, getting wet through, while some lay 
down in the mud and slush en their rubber blankets, getting 
muddy as well as wet. Monday morning. April 7, 1862, after 
eating a frugal meal out of haversacks, the regiment moved for- 
ward to the front, without guide or assignment. It was a part 
of the Army of the Tenessee, General Grant's command, but the 
Colonel, without inquiring for that army or a portion thereof, to 
join his command to, attached himself and his regiment to the 
Fourteenth Brigade of Crittenden's Division, Army of the Ohio. 
Thus it came about that the Fourteenth AVisconsin fought that 
day within the ranks of the Army of the Ohio. 

At 8 in the morning the regiment was in line of battle, as 
shown on the map of the second day, a short distance beyond the 
mile circle from the landing, near and to the left of the Corinth 
road. (See map.) By 10 o'clock an advance position had been 



gained of a little over a quarter of a mile, partly on the left and 
partly on the righl of the Eastern Corinth road, fairly facing the 
Duncan Field, as seen on the map. "Crittenden, 10 a. m." The 
Duncan Field was then passed, the right of the regiment passing 
through the corner thereof, and at noon a point was reached near 
the Hamburg and Purdy road, about half way between "Critten- 
den at 12 m." and "Confederate Position at 12 m.," and at which 
point a tablei has been placed by the Park Commissioners. (See 
map.) From this point the regiment charged a battery located in 
the road at the northeast corner of Barnes Field. The battery 
was taken, but the regiment was repulsed, and not until it had 
been thrice taken was it held by the regiment, which then passed 
beyond it. At 2 o'clock p. m. the regiment's position was in the 
Barnes Field, about one-quarter of a mile inside the two-mile 
circle, and shown on the map, "Crittenden, 2 p. m." 

At 2 p. m. General Beauregard I egan his retreat, which was 
accomplished at 4 o'clock, and the battle was then pratically 
over. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was then ordered back to the 
landing and at once placed on provost guard duty. 

The casualties on April 7, 1862, were 16 killed, 74 wounded, 
3 missing; total, 93. The names of the killed, as well as of those 
who died of wounds, is here given. May the sacrifice of their 
lives be ever remembered by a grateful people. 

Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. 

Captain Geo. E. Waldo. E. 
Corporal Joseph King, A. 
Corporal Frederick A. Cullen, I. 
Private Lucius Barker, G. 
Private Samuel Bump, G. 
Private John Eastwood, B. 
Private Harvey E. Frost, I. 
Private John B. Glenn, D. 
Private John Moser, G. 
Private Ebenezer Newton, G. 
Private John D. Putnam, F. 
Private Henry Peeler, H. 
Private Thomas Rayson, I. 
Private John -I. Rockwood, 1. 
Private Gottlieb Sehlinsog, I. 
Private Thomas Morgan, B. 



— 27 — 



Died of Wounds Received at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. 

First Lieutenant Joseph D. Post, B., May 27, 1862. 
Sergeant Charles Drake, B, April 20, 1862. 
Corporal Water 'n R. Lisherness, I, May 18, 1862. 
Corporal Horace D. Lyman, K, April 19, 1862. 
Private James Alley, C, April 15, 1862. 
Private Ezra B. Austin, E, April 10, 1862. 
Private Charles G. Bacon, I, May 7, 1862. 
Private Charles A. Briar, K, April 26, 1862. 
Private John Begood, K, June 8, 1862. 
Private Daniel D. Hammon. H, May 29, 1862. 
Private John Owens, D, May 7, 1862. 
Private Henry Ross, 1, April 18. 1862. 
Private Ezra L. Whittaker, B, May 9, 1862. 




it of Putnam stump. Erected by Wisconsin. 



28 




Rear View of Putnam Stump, Erected by Wisconsin. 

Storg of the Putnam Stump on Shiloh Battle- 
field at Pittsburg Landing, Term. 



JD. PUTNAM, a member of Company F. Fourteenth Wis- 
consin Volunteer Infantry, was killed April 7, 1862, dur- 
• ing a charge of his regiment made upon a rebel battery, 
and was buried where he fell by his company comrades, at the 
foot of a young oak tree. 

Thomas Steele, one of the burying party, suggested that Put- 
nam's name should he cut into the tree sufficiently low down so 
that in ease the tree was chopped down later on the name should 
still remain to tell who was there at rest. This suggestion was 
carried out. 

When the Government established a National Cemetery at 
Pittsburg Landing, Putnam's body was removed thereto, and 



— 29 — 

his grave in the National Cemetery is. owing to these precau- 
tions taken by his comrades in 1862, one of the few bearing full 
name, company and regiment. 

When the Wisconsin Shiloh .Monument Commissioners in 1901, 
visited the battlefield to select a site for a State monument, it 
was found that the tree had years ago been chopped down, but 
the stump remained, and though very badly decayed by age, the 
name of Putnam, cut into the tree in 1862 by his comrades, was 
still legible. Thomas Steele, who was with the Commission, ex- 
pressed a desire to have that portion of the stump which bore the 
inscription given him. After consultation, the National Park 
Commissioners granted the request, and the portion bearing the 
inscription was sent to Thomas Steele, who fortunately had it 
photographed and then forwarded the slab to Gr. A. R. Memorial 
Plall. then located in the Capitol at Madison, to lie there pre- 
served as a relic. A poor place it proved to be. It was de- 
stroyed in the Capitol tire. 

The Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commissioners resolved to 
mark the spot, because of its absolute and indisputable correct- 
ness as to the position of the Fourteenth Regiment at a certain 
time of the day, and further decided to reproduce the original 
stump in granite, placing thereon the name, company and regi- 
ment of Putnam, as cut into the tree by his comrades, and on 
the reverse side the legend relating to the incidents connected 
therewith. The Photograph of the stump in the hands of Cap- 
tain F. H. Magdeburg, president of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monu- 
ment Commission, was, with a pencil sketch of the balance of 
the stump made by the park engineer of the National Commis- 
sion, sent to Joseph Newall & Co., at Westerly. R. I., who were 
enabled therefrom to reproduce an exact fac simile of the stump 
as found by the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commissioners 
while visiting the battlefield in 1901. 

This granite fac simile was put in position on April 7, 1906, 
on a concrete foundation placed by the Park Commissioners, on 
the identical spot from whence the original stump was removed 
in order to allow the fac simile to be placed. 




COL. BENJ. ALLEN 

LIEUT. COL. CASSITJS FAIRCHILD MAJOR THOS. REYNOLDS 

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The Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh, 
Tenn., April 6, and 7, 1862. 



By D. G. James. 

THE Sixteenth Regiment was ordered into Camp Randall, 
Madison, Wis., November, 1861, with Benj. Allen, colo- 
nel, Cassins Fairchild, lieutenant colonel, Thomas Rey- 
nolds, major, and George M. Sabin, adjutant. The muster into 
the United States service was completed January 31, 1862. They 
remained in camp, drilling and preparing for the work at the 
front, until March 13, when they struck camp and took the train 
for St. Louis, Mo. Arrived the night of the 14th at East St. 
Louis. On the morning of the 15th the regiment was transferred 
from the cars to the steamer Planet and ordered to report to Gen- 
eral Grant at Savannah, Tenn. 

The voyage was down the Mississippi to Cairo, thence up the 
Ohio to Paducah, Ky., thence up the Tennessee to Savannah, 
where they arrived the 20th, and then proceeded up the river to 
Pittsburg Landing, disembarking in the afternoon of the same 
day. The entire voyage passed very pleasantly, stopping at dif- 
ferent historical points. Among them was Johnsonville and Fort 
Henry, which showed the effects of Commodore Poote 's bombard- 
ing in February. 

We camped near the river several days, when the regiment 
was ordered out to the front of the encampment and attached to 
Colonel Peabody's brigade of General Prentiss' Sixth Division, 
Army of the Tennessee. Here it remained, doing camp duty and 
engaged in the various drills of the brigade and division. 

April 4 General Prentiss ordered a review of the division in a 
field to our left and front about a quarter of a mile, since known 
as the review field. After the review of the troops the general 
took a gallop down an old road to the front, accompanied by his 
escort. He had proceeded hardly eighty rods before he encoun- 



tered a squadron of Confederates coolly witnessing the review. 
They beat a hasty retreat without any demonstrations. That 
nighl General Prentiss advanced his picket line further to the 
front. Saturday afternoon (the 5th), Companies A. B, C and D 
of the regiment were ordered out, with two companies of the 
Twenty-first Missouri-, under command of Colonel Moore. They 
advanced about one and one-half miles to our right and front, 
covering the front and left of General Sherman's division, near 
the Corinth and Pittsburg road in the edge of the Fraley Field, 
about a mile in front of Shiloh Church and one and one-half 
miles from our camp. Here they remained until the morning of 
the 6th, when, between 4 and 5 o'clock, Colonel Moore, hearing 
a commotion in his front, ordered Captain Saxe to deploy his 
company and make an advance, which he promptly executed. He 
had proceeded but a short distance when his command received a 
volley from the enemy, which killed Captain Saxe and Sergeant 
John Williams. This was the opening of the battle of Shiloh, 
and the time was 4 :55 a. m. 

It is conceded that Captain Saxe was the first officer who was 
killed in that battle, and it further dispels the erroneous idea 
that some far-distant historian had that General Prentiss' divi- 
sion was surprised that morning and the men bayoneted in their 
beds. 

General Prentiss, having been informed of what was transpir- 
ing at the front, came up to Colonel Allen's tent, who was al- 
ready out, and informed him of the death of Captain Saxe, and 
ordered him to get the balance of his regiment into line and be 
ready to move. He went on down the line ordering out the 
balance of the Twenty-first Missouri on bis way to brigade head- 
quarters. He returned from his OAvn headquarters, mounted, at 
about 6 a. m. He ordered the brigade forward into line of bat- 
tle, which advanced about eighty rods, where they remained 
about half an hour, when the regiment was ordered to change 
front to the right, going about another quarter of a mile in front 
of our camp, near the Rhea Field, where Ave awaited the coming 
of the advance skirmish line, which was falling back slowly, im- 
peding the advance of the enemy as much as possible. 

Here the four companies, except some thai were in other parts 
of the field, joined the regiment, and tbe whole brigade became 
engaged in holding the position about half an hour, when we fell 



37- 




back about half a mile to the Spain Field. Forming our second 
line, we held this position until it became impossible, owing to 
lack of any support on either flank. The brigade was ordered to 
fall back and form a new line in rear of our camp. This was 
about 8 o'clock a. m. They fought desperately to hold the camp. 
Here Lieutenant-Colonel Fairchild was severely wounded and 
taken from the held. Colonel Allen's horse was killed, and while 
mounting a second horse that was also killed. 

This line was held until the ammunition was nearly exhausted, 
and the rebel hordes were coming on in front and flank, rolling 
up great columns like the waves of the ocean. 

Finding their valor was of no avail against such odds, General 
Prentiss told the men to take to the trees for shelter and to fall 
back, fighting to the best advantage, which they did, doing good 
work, which the enemy's dead and wounded showed the next day. 
The line fell back slowly until it found General Hurlbut's divi- 
sion in line. The ammunition becoming exhausted, it had to re- 
linquish its place to an Iowa regiment, supposed to be Colonel 
Shaw's Fourteenth, of W. H. L. AVallaee's division. The regi- 
ment went to the rear of Hurlbut's line, replenished their cart- 
ridge boxes and was taking a needed rest, having been under fire, 
without food or water, since 6 a. m. Their rest, however, was 
of short duration. A staff officer came riding up to Colonel Allen 
and requested him to put bis regiment on the front, relieving an 
Indiana regiment which was out of ammunition. The Sixteenth 
promptly responded and immediately opened fire. Soon after 
Colonel Allen received a wound and had to retire from the field. 

The regiment maintained this position until about •'-> p. m.. 
when the troops to the left gave way and the regiment had to 
fall back on the line in the rear of the Bloody Pond, to the lefl 
of the Hornet's Nest. Here was more of the desperate fighting, 
which was the key to the situation, as General Grant informed 
General Prentiss that if he could hold that position until sun- 
down the army would be safe. He did so. but at a great sacri- 
fice. At 5:30 p. m. he. with a part of his division, was compelled 
to surrender to avoid being annihilated. 

After Colonel Allen was wounded and had left the field. Major 
Reynolds assumed command, which he retained from then on. 

After the surrender of General Prentiss the remainder of the 
division fell back to the last line formed for that day. The 



enemy again appeared in our front, but not with much force. 
After receiving a couple of well-directed volleys, they fell back 
on! of reach of musketry, and bivouacked for the night in our 
camp, while our army remained in line exposed to one of the 
mosl severe storms that usually follow a battle. This closed the 
battle for April (i. at that time the bloodiest battle ever fought 
on the American continent. 

The morning of the 7th, after partaking of a breakfast con- 
sisting of raw pork and hardtack, the regiment advancing to lo- 
cate the enemy, found that they had fallen back nearly a mile 
and lay in line awaiting us. The battle then opened, the army, 
having been reinforced by General Wallace's division of the 
Army of the Tennessee, which had not been engaged the previous 
day, and two divisions of General Buell's army. The Sixteenth 
was put on the reserve and was used to reinforce different parts 
of the line as necessity required. The enemy was put on the 
retrograde movement until about 4 o'clock p. m., when they 
abandoned the field. The regiment was then ordered to return 
to its camp, and immediately proceeded to earing for wounded 
and burying the dead, which latter took ns several days, going 
over the field where we were engaged, some parts of which had 
caught fire, which prevented us from identifying all of them. 

The official report gives the losses of the regiment as follows : 
Forty killed; one hundred and eighty-eight wounded, of which 
thirty-nine were mortal ; missing, twenty-six, and but four of 
them were known to have been taken prisoners. One of that 
number was wounded, which swelled the number of wounded up 
to one hundred and eighty-nine, and dead to sixty-two, as com- 
piled from the Adjutant General's office in revising reports. It 
would be well to know that six of the color guard of the regi- 
iiictit were killed, and their remains were laid in a circle around 
the flagstaff in the National Cemetery at Pittsburg Landing, on 
the hill overlooking the Tennessee River. 

The following are the names of the six that stood by the colors 

In tile Ias1 : 

Sergeanl II. L. Thomas, 

Sergeanl L. E. Knight, 

Sergeanl -I. k. Holeomb, 

Sergeant -I. I\ Willis, 



— 44- 




Sergeant Philo Perry. 
Sergeant Erwin Rider. 

Killed in Action. 

Edward Saxe, Captain. Company A. 

James P. Wilson, Sergeant, Company C. 

Joseph L. Holcomb, Sergeant, Company E. 

Timothy H. Morris, Corporal, Company B. 

Augustus Caldwell. Corporal. Company E. 

Ephriam Cooper, Corporal. Company K. 

John H. Williams, Sergeant. Company A. 

John P. Willis. Sergeant, Company E. 

Henry Babcock, Sergeant, Company H. 

William M. Taylor, Corporal, Company D. 

James V. Walker, Corporal. Company G. 

Archer, William, private. Company G. 

Austin, AYilliam, private, Company I. 

Browning, Oliver II.. private. Company G. 

Belknapp, Lewis P.. private. Company G. 

Carey, Harrison E., private, Company F. 

Clifford, Alonzo. private, Company I. 

(lark, William A., private. Company K. 

Francisco, Chas. IT., private. Company G. 

Howe, Cyrus B., private. Company A. 

Tlolton. Henry, private, Company C. 

Haskins, Chester W., private, missing. Company D. 

Harrington. Alfonso, private, Company D. 

Henegan, John L.. private, Company G. 

Herrick. Orville, private, Company II. 

Haskins, George II., private. Company II. 

Hodge, Charles, private. Company II. 

Hennesey, John, private. Company K. 

Knight, Lewis E.. private, Company E. 

Lincoln, George, private. Company II. 

Morse, Anthony, private, Company F. 

McNown, John, private, Company F. 

Manning. Thomas, private, Company K. 

Post, Garret 0, private, Company C. 

Pettis, Louis, private, missing. Company D. 



Perry. Philo, private, Company E. 
Prevey, Franklin, private, Company F. 
Rider, Erwin, private, Company E. 
Stilson, Lyman, private, Company F. 
Thomas, Henry L., private, Company E. 
Tousley, Stoel A., private, Company K. 
Tousley, William PL, private, Company K. 
Wollem, August, private, Company D. 

Missing in Action. 

Dexter, Joseph, private, Company 15. April li. 1862. 
Ferguson, John A., private. Company F, April 6, 1862. 
Fleischbin, Lewis, private, Company D, April 6, 1862. 
Hills, Jesse, private, Company B, April 6, 1862. 
Rands, James, private, Company G, April 6, 1862. 
Parks, William B., private, Company H, April 6, 1862. 
Porter, George M., private, Company H, April 6, 1862. 
Pettit, Lewis, private, Company E, April 6, 1862. 
Redfield, Mills, private, Company H, April 6, 1862. 
Weigle, John, private, Company I, April 6, 1862. 

Died of Wounds. 

Pease, Oliver D., Captain, Company D, April 11, 1862. 
Smith, Cooley, First Lieutenant, Company A, May 6, 1862. 
Vail, Charles H., First Lieutenant, Company I, April 7, 1862. 
AVehster, Almon, Sergeant, Company E, April 20, 1862. 
Thompson, Asa D., Sergeant, Company H, April 20, 1862. 
Barnnm, Noah, Corporal, Company G, May 3, 1862. 
Rashaw, George J., Corporal, Company H, April 16, 1862. 
Valentine, Orlando J., Corporal, Company K, April 18, 1862. 
Bennett, Jonathan, private, Company F, May 30, 1862. 
Bucchill, George, private. Company I, May 12. 1862. 
Blair. John, private, Company H, May 4, 1862. 
Camp, George M., private, Company A, April 10, 1862. 
Crank, John, private, Company A. 
Dart, Charles, privates Company B. 
Eldridge, Joshua, private, Company A. April 18, 1862. 
Evenson, Ever S.. private. Company B. April 23. 1862. 



Filke, August W., private, Company C, April 23, 1862. 
Fuller, Harrison, private, Company D, May 16, 1862. 
Farrington, Milo, private, Company D, May 31, 1862. 
Huggins, Hiram, private, Company F, May 7, 1862. 
Howard, Harrison C, private. Company I, May 10, 1862. 
Kennedy, Michael, private, Company E, April 26, 1862. 
Lereh, John, private. Company A, May 3, 1862. 
Long, Samuel, private, Company F, May 9, 1862. 
Leigh, Richard, private, Company H, May 26, 1862. 
McMillan, Malcolm, private, Company C, May 11, 1862. 
Mauck, Charles, private. Company G, April 30, 1862. 
Marshall, James W., private, Company A. 
Murphy, John, private, Company K, May 13, 1862. 
Patterson, James, private, Company A, May 4, 1862. 
Powers, Henry, private, Company B, May 14, 1862. 
Quiner, Joseph C, private, Company B, April 28, 1862. 
Raymond, Livius, private, Company II, April 18. 1862. 
Smith, Samuel, private, Company E, June 23, 1862. 
Skeels, George, private. Company H. May 6, 1862. 
Solomon, John, private, Company I, May 17, 1862. 
AYalhrielge, William P., private, Company A, April 21, 1862. 
Wooding, Morgan F., private, Company T, April 8, 1862. 
Turck, AVilliam V.. private. Company I, May 15, 1862. 



48 ■ 




Capt. Saxe's Family a( I lit* Place Where the Captain Was Killed. 




•Jnriiil Place <'» Kith Wis. Vol. Infantry. 




Commissioners made 
all possible efforts to 
obtain photo of Major 
Crane, but faile 



LIEUT.-COt. SAMUEL W. BEAL, 
18th Wisconsin. 



■53 — 




fc 2£ 



S 



The Eighteenth Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry 

Volunteers at the Battle of Shiloh, 

Tenn., April 6, and 7, 1862. 



By G. S. Martin. 

THE Eighteenth Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry Volun- 
teers, was organized in the winter of 1861-62 at Mil- 
waukee, Wis. The companies constituting the regiment 
were recruited for the most part in the following localities : 

Company A— Captain James P. Millard, in Fond du Lac 
county. 

Company B — Captain Charles H. Jackson, in Green county. 

Company C — Captain Newton M. Layne, in Vernon county. 

Company D — Captain George A. Fisk, in Monroe county. 

Company E — Captain William Bremmer, in Marathon and 
Portage counties. 

Company F— Captain Joseph W. Roberts, in Winnebago 
county. 

Company G — Captain John H. Compton, in Wood county. 

Company H — Captain David H. Saxton. in Green Lake and 
Waushara counties. 

Company I — Captain William A. Coleman, in Columbia 
county. 

Company K— Captain William J. Kershaw, scattering through- 
out the State. 

During the winter the companies subsequently organized into 
the Eighteenth Regiment were quartered in the city of Milwau- 
kee, mostly in vacant store buildings. During this time there 
was little opportunity for company drill except in the manual 
of arms. In February the regiment was organized and went 
into barracks in Camp Trowbridge, on the lake shore in Milwau- 
kee. The snow was quite deep, rendering it impossible for the 
regiment to do much in the line of regimental and battalion 



drill. Considerable progress, however, was made in company 
drill, and the men became fairly proficient in the manual of 
arms and company maneuvers. 

In the latter pari of March the regiment received orders to 
report at St. Louis, where it was supposed it would go into camp 
and perfect itself in regimental drill before being sent to the 
front. On Sunday, March 30, the regiment left Milwaukee, ar- 
riving at St. Louis the next day in the forenoon. Here it re- 
mained on the river levee some hours and then embarked on the 
packet John Warner and steamed down the river. The boat 
was laden with government supplies and the soldiers were 
crowded on the upper deck. Arriving at Cairo, the boat took 
its course up the Ohio River to Padueah, where the regiment 
disembarked and marched through the principal streets. Here 
the men saw the first evidences of real war. Stacked in two 
huge piles were some twenty thousand stand of arms, said to 
have been captured from the rebels at Fort Donelson. After an 
hour's march the regiment re-embarked and started up the Ten- 
nessee River toward its destination. The men had no definite 
knowledge as to where they were going, but there was a general 
impression that troops were being massed at some point on the 
river preparatory to a general engagement. The regiment had 
been equipped with Belgian muskets, which were very heavy 
and awkward, and on the levee at St. Louis forty rounds of 
cartridges had been distributed to each man. While passing up 
I he river the boys got considerable practice shooting at loons 
and other objects. 

On Saturday morning, April 5, the boat touched at Savannah. 
Tenn., and reported to General Grant, who had his headquarters 
at this point. The regiment was ordered to Pittsburg Landing, 
sonic ten miles further up the river, and assigned to General 
Prentiss' division. Arriving at Pittsburg Landing, on the west 
bank of the river, about noon, the regiment disembarked. This 
place \v;is. like scores of other landings on the river, simply a 
landing place for boats. At the landing were one or two log 
cabins, which constituted the "place." This point had doubtless 
been selected as the nearest point on the river to Corinth, some 
twenty-three miles distant. Avhere it was known that a rebel army 
was gathering. The river at this point runs almost directly 
ninth. At the time of disembarking many of the men were 
without rations. The regiment formed in line and marched 



back from the river in a southwesterly direction about two miles, 
going into camp near a small field known as "Spain Field," 
about one-half mile east of one of the roads leading from Pitts- 
burg Landing to Corinth. During the late afternoon and even- 
ing the regiment pitched its Sibley tents. The field which con- 
stituted the camp sloped toward the east and toward the river. 
The camp fronted west and toward Corinth. At the rear and 
easterly from the camp was a deep ravine, and beyond it was 
quite a steep rise covered with timber. In front of the camp 
and along the west edge of the field ran diagonally toward the 
left of the regiment another ravine, quite deep and skirted with 
timber. This ravine was perhaps sixty or eighty rods distant 
from the extreme right of the regiment, with intervening timber 
At the left of the regiment this ravine was somewhat deeper and 
ran within perhaps twenty rods of the extreme left of the regi- 
ment, where Company B was stationed. 

The Eighteenth Regiment formed part of Miller's brigade, 
which occupied the extreme left of Prentiss' division. On the 
extreme left of Miller's brigade was the Fifteenth Michigan, and 
next to it was the Eighteenth "Wisconsin. Prentiss' division 
formed the extreme left of the Union army, and between it and 
the river was a gap of over a mile entirely unoccupied by troops 
except by Stuart's brigade, which was stationed nearly a mile 
from Prentiss' division, to the rear and toward the landing. 

When the regiment went into camp on the afternoon of the 5th 
the men had no thought of an enemy being nearer than Corinth. 
The picket line that night was stationed less than half a mile in 
advance. That night the men made their bed for the first time 
in their army experience on the ground, and retired with no 
more expectation of an attack than they had in their barracks 
in Milwaukee. During the night occasional shots were heard in 
the direction of Corinth, but nothing was thought of the firing 
until early morning, when it became more frequent and soon 
continuous on the right, single shots giving way to volleys, and 
before the men had finished their breakfast the long roll sounded 
and the regiment fell into line for its baptismal fire. The regi- 
ment was formed about half way between its tents and the ravin6 
and skirting timber in front. In the front of Peabody's brigade, 
constituting the right of Prentiss' division, skirmishers had been 
thrown out along the Corinth road, and these first engaged the 
enemy about 5 o'clock in the morning. This skirmish line was 



being driven back before the main body of the rebel army, and 
the battle soon raged along the entire Line of Prentiss' division. 
Alter getting in line the Eighteenth remained some thirty min- 
utes or more before it was attacked, throwing out a skirmish line 
across the ravine in front and then withdrawing it. Meantime, 
the Fifteenth Michigan, being without ammunition, was with- 
drawn from the field, passing to the rear and joining McCler- 
nand's division on the right of Prentiss. This left the Eighteenth 
Wisconsin on the extreme left of Prentiss' division, with the 
wide gap before mentioned on its left. The enemy evidently 
knew our position better than we did ourselves, and it was their 
plan to pass cur left Hank and throw themselves between our 
troops and the river, which their superior numbers on the first 
day of the tight enabled them to do. This plan was pushed with 
vigor all of the first day of the tight. In carrying out this plan 
of attack, after driving in our skirmish line on the right of 
Prentiss' division, the enemy spread out along our line to the 
left, massing regiment after regiment on the front of the 
Eighteenth under cover of the timber and the ravine, by reason 
of which their movements were unobserved and they were able 
to approach within thirty or forty rods of our line without being 
seen. The rebel troops massed in front of the Eighteenth was 
Chalmers' brigade, consisting of five Mississippi regiments. A 
member of Company B, which occupied the extreme left of the 
Eighteenth, stood where, by reason of a deep depression in the 
bank of the ravine, he could see the rebel troops passing along 
the ravine to the left. He says that he saw rank after rank of 
troops passing along the ravine to the left, so that when the 
enemy opened fire on the regiment from the timber and brow of 
the ravine, they had already turned its left flank. In the mean- 
time, the enemy had pressed in on the light of the regiment, un- 
der cover of the timber, and were passing around its right flank. 
This left the regiment exposed to a fire from the front and also 

to an enfilading fire from both flanks. There the regiment si 1 

in the open field as if on dress parade, with its tents for a back- 
ground, exposed to a merciless fire from the brow of the ravine 
in front and also ft cm both flanks. If the regiment had been 
lined up on the brow of the ravine in front or taken position on 
the ridge t<» the rear, instead of in the open field, the advantage 
would have been in its favor. Put its officers knew nothing of 



— 63 — 

war or its stratagems, and apparently had no thought of avail- 
ing themselves of the natural advantages which the contour of 
the field presented. If the regiment had been drawn up for the 
special purpose of giving the enemy all the natural advantages 
the field presented, and placing our troops in the most danger- 
ous and exposed position, the plan could not have been better 
carried out. This is not said for the purpose of placing any 
blame on the officers, who got themselves for the most part killed 
off or captured before the battle was through. These officers 
were among the bravest, but they knew nothing of Avar. 

As the result of this exposed position, after a few volleys the 
regiment retreated to the ridge in the rear of the camp, leaving 
many of its number killed and wounded on the field and its 
camp in the possession of the enemy. The rebels came up out 
of the ravine with a yell and immediately fell to plundering the 
camp. This very nearly cost them all the advantage they had 
gained, for the Eighteenth had established a new line on the 
ridge, and poured in a galling fire on the exuberant enemy. 
Here some severe fighting ensued, but the position could not 
be maintained by our troops, for the enemy seemed to be in such 
force on this part of the field that they had no difficulty in en- 
gaging our front and at the same time closing in on our flanks, 
necessitating retreat or capture. Slowly and stubbornly the men 
gave way before the heavy rebel lines, obstinately resisting their 
advance through scattering trees, until they found a new posi- 
tion about three-quarters of a mile from their first line, in a 
washed-out road in a small grove that has since been known as 
the "Hornets' Nest," on account of the severe fighting and ter- 
rible execution in the enemy's ranks here inflicted. The brave 
men who held that position against fearful odds for many hours 
rendered a service that cannot be properly estimated, because 
the rebels there checked in their advance would have been in- 
valuable to their comrades, who had already turned the left flank 
of our army and were pressing on toward the landing, which 
they failed to reach because of their weakened lines and dimin- 
ished numbers. Three times the rebel brigades charged this 
Hornets' Nest position and three times were driven back. Then 
sixty-two pieces of artillery were brought up, making a line a 
quarter of a mile long, being placed as near together as they 
could be worked, and ordered to fire at will, and the terrible 



carnage that followed made it impossible long to endure the 
storm of lead and iron that came from those guns. Words are 
inadequate to properly picture the resulting scene. Smoke en- 
shrouded alike friend and foe with one vast pall. Neither side 
could see the other, (inns were aimed at sound rather than at 
objects. This position was maintained till about 5 o'clock in the 
afternoon, when it was found thai the enemy had reached a posi- 
tion to our rear, and our troops abandoned their stronghold only 
to find themselves surrounded; and at 5:30 o'clock' in the after- 
noon aboul twenty-two hundred of Prentiss 5 division were cap- 
tured, among whom were nearly two hundred oi the Eighteenth. 
Among the commissioned officers of the Eighteenth captured al 
this point were: 

Captain -lames P. Millard, commanding Company A. 

Captain Newton M. Layne, commanding Company C. 

Captain George Fisk. commanding Company D. 

Captain William Bremmer, commanding Company E. 

Captain D. II. Saxton, commanding Company II. 

First Lieutenant Thomas A. Jackson, commanding Company B. 

Fiist Lieutenant George Stokes, commanding Company P. 

First Lieutenant Ira II. Ford, commanding Company I. 

First Lieutenant D. W. C. Wilson, of Company I). 

Firsl Lieutenant S. 1). Woodworth, of Company II. 

Second Lieutenanl (). A. Southmayd, of Company I. 

At the point of this surrender and near the ••Hornets' Nest" 
the National Commission of the Shiloh Battlefield has placed an 
iron tablet containing this inscription: 

"Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry. Millei 's Brigade, Army of 
the Tennessee. About 200 of this regimenl were engaged here 
under General Prentiss from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., April 0, 1862, 
when they attempted to retire, hut were captured with Prentiss 
al 5 :30 p. m. " 

The casualties ameng the officers of the regimenl during the 
first day's fighl were: Lieutenant George Walbridge, Company 
E, wounded during the first attack, and also Lieutenants Thomas 
J. Potter, Company A. and S. I). Woodworth, Company I, 
wounded later in the day. Captain John II. Compton. of Com- 
pany G, was killed while rallying his men. About 1 o'clock. 
while gallantly encouraging his hoys in the Hornets' Nest, Colo- 
nel Alban was shot from his horse by a sharpshooter, dying the 



following day. A few minutes after, Lieutenant-Colonel Beal, 
who had gone afoot on the firing line to tell of the colonel's 
wound and assume command, fell with a ball through his leg; 
and about this time Acting Adjutant Edward Colman was 
severely wounded. Just before the surrender, Major Crane, 
while seated upon his horse, fell pierced by eight bullets from a 
volley of rebel flankers. 

In falling back from the first line of attack, the regiment, ow- 
ing to its lack of training in regimental movements, became 
somewhat disorganized, and portions of it became detached from 
the main body. These detached portions did good service during 
the first day in other commands, principally in General Hurl- 
but 's division. On the second day of the fight about two hun- 
dred and fifty of the regiment were gathered by a few remaining 
officers and formed into a battalion, and acted as a support of a 
battery. Early in the morning of the second day they advanced 
with Buell's force and drove the enemy before them, reaching 
their old camp in the afternoon about 4 o'clock. During the 
evening other parts of the regiment came in, so that there were 
about five hundred men in camp, together with the wounded that 
had been picked up on the field. The regiment went into the 
battle about nine hundred strong. During the following sum- 
mer it mustered about three hundred men fit for duty. 

Adjutant General Gaylord, of Wisconsin, in his report, says 
of the Eighteenth Wisconsin : "The terrible list of casualties 
shows that on this blood-stained field they sustained the reputa- 
tion of Wisconsin soldiers." And Governor Harvey, who lost 
his life looking after the Wisconsin sick and wounded on this 
field, writing from the battlefield shortly after the battle, says: 
"Many regiments of that fight may well covet the impression 
which the Eighteenth Wisconsin left, of personal bravery, of 
heroic daring and determined endurance." 

On account of the disorganized condition of the regiment after 
the battle, owing to the loss of all its field officers, including the 
acting adjutant and most of the company officers, the reports of 
the killed and wounded in this battle are very imperfect, and it 
is; impossible at this late day to obtain an absolutely correct list. 
It is more than probable that some who were reported "missing" 
were killed and buried on the field without identification. Sev- 
eral of those captured, and who died soon after in rebel prisons, 



— 08 — 

were doubtless wounded, but the fact never reported. The mor- 
tality in the regiment shortly after the battle Mas great, twenty- 
nine having died during the months of April and .May. 

According to the official reports of the War Department, there 
weir twenty-four killed and died of wounds, eighty-three 
wounded, and one hundred and seventy-four taken prisoners. 
The following lists of those who were killed or died of wounds 
and of the wounded in this battle, are somewhat larger than the 
official report, showing that the number of killed, including 
those who died of wounds, was forty-one, and that the number of 
wounded was ninety- three. These lists have been compiled from 
the Adjutant General's reports and from lists appearing in 
Quinner's and Love's histories of Wisconsin troops in the Re- 
bellion, and from information gathered from members of the 
regiment : 



List of Killed and Those Who Died of Wounds. 

Field Officers — Colonel James S. Alban and Major Josiah W. 
Crane. 2. 

Company A — Corporal Marcenus Gurnee, Privates Cephus A. 
Whitmore, Thomas Leeman and Marshall Caffeen, 4. 

Company B — Privates Hiram E. Bailey and William Spencer 
(Redmond McGuire was shot by his guard in prison at Tusca- 
loosa, Ala., April 10), 3. 

Company C — Privates William Kettle. Norris W. Saxton, 
Samuel Sager and Samuel Fish, 4. 

Company D — Privates George Hicks and Milton M. Stewart, 2. 

Company E — Corporal John E. Field. Privates Clifton G. 
Merrill, Reuben Edminster, George W. Evans and Isaac Levi- 
see. 5. 

Company F — Privates Otis A. Cotton, Robert N. McWilliams, 
I hut ley W. Onderdonk, Henry I. Jenkins and Ambrose Felton, 
5. 

Company (< — Captain John H. Compton. Private A. M. Coon, 
2. 

Company II — Privates Edward B. Ballon. Joseph II. Garlap, 
Solomon Mansfield, Clark P. Walker and Eugene Gay, 5. 

Company I — Sergeant Rensler Cronk, Corporal Thomas Las- 




» .1 







Members and Friends of (he 18th Regiment at the Dedication of Monument, 



key, Privates Morris C. Cook, George W. Hillman, John Louth, 
Benjamin W. Shaver, Alfred Q. Edson and John Topp, 8. 

Company K — Jefferson Kingsley, 1. 

Total killed and died of wounds, 41. 

Wounded. 

Field Officers — Lieutenant Colonel Beal and Acting- Adju- 
tant Edward Colman, 2. 

Company A — Lieutenant Thomas J. Potter, Corporal C. C. 
Whitney, Privates D. C. Bailey, Richard H. Heart, Leander De- 
puy, Ludwig Hulzer, J. Kocher, Alf. Losey, 0. R. Norris and G. 
W. Sparks, 10. 

Company B— Privates E. Combs and P. M. Bailey, 2. 

Company C — Privates H. Clary, "W. W. Dikeman, John Kick- 
patrick, Hiram Moody, Patrick Mooney, Laughlin Quinn, Ben- 
jamin F. Rants, J. J. Swain and Augustus Singer, 11. 

Company D — Corporal John Williams, Privates Ephraim 
Croker, Henry Beach, Hugh C. Wilson, John D. Jewell, Thomas 
Stevenson, C. N. Sprout, John Gary, Charles Molla, Ezra Hank- 
about and Andrew Elickson, 11. 

Company E — Captain William Bremmer, Lieutenant George 
Walbridge, Corporal Orrin Clough, Privates Albert Taylor. Wal- 
ter Whittiker, S. R, Hayner, George S. Martin, Jr., William H. 
Sherwin, John Harris, John Kinney and Ed. L. Kent, 12. 

Company F — Privates George Durr, Ambrose Felton, D. M. 
Wilson, James M. Stanton, George Gould, James W. Samphier, 
Eli R, Northam, Napoleon Whitman and Homer K. Nichols, 9. 

Company G — Privates Stephen H. Snyder, A. G. Loomis, 
Joseph Bullock, John S. Eaton and Edward Durkee, 5. 

Company H — Lieutenant S. D. Woodworth, Sergeant Albert 
Gates, Privates John C. Horton, E. T. Chamberlain, Edwin 
Potts, Samuel Bixby, John Cary. B. W. Coates. F. Peeell. Gideon 
F. Devore, A. F. Dowd, Zadoek K. Mallory and Abram De- 
vore, 13. 

Company I — Sergeant Samuel C. Alban, Privates Cornelius 
Devere, S. W. M. Smith, E. M. Haight. W. Miller, Duncan Mc- 
Cloud, Peter Calahan, James Leitch, Oliver Gunderson, Albert 
Turck, Frederick Everson, Adrastus Cook, Ferdinand Benta, 



John N. James, S. Bennett, S. Langdon, George Dexter and 
William H. Ferguson, 19. 

Company K — Privates Perdinando Councilman, William P. 
Green and William Lowe, 3. 

Total number wounded, 93. 




JAMES E. MAT MAN. 
President the Western Sanitary Commission. 



\\j< cm ire t Lme and energies wei e 

Western Sanitary Commission. 

highly esteemed by < 



rears devoted to the work of the 
a nal ive of Nashville, Tenn., 
Irani and Sherman. 




This Tablet Erected by I . S. Marks the Location Where the First Tent Field 
Hospital Ever Used in War Stood. 




Marching to the Dedication Grounds. 



Dedication of Wisconsin Monument on the Battlefield of 

Shiloh, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 7, 

1906, at 9:30 O'clock. 



Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commissioners — Captain F. H. 
Magdeburg, President, Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer In- 
fantry, Milwaukee; lieutenant and Adjutant D. Lloyd Jones, 
Secretary, Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Milwaukee ; 
Mr. R. E. Osborne, Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, 
La Crosse ; Mr. D. G. James, Secretary, Sixteenth Wisconsin 
Volunteer Infantry, Richland Center; Mr. J. W. Baldock, 
Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. Chilton. 



i Died December 29, 1904. 



program 

Captain F. TT. Magdeburg, President 

"Wisconsin Shiloli Monument Commission, Presiding. 

Prayer Eev. W. D. Dunn 

Pastor of Shiloh :hur -h 
Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean, . . . Thomas a Becket 

Miss Lucile Strang. 
Old Glory .hums Whitcomb Riley 

Gen. J. II. Stihl.s. 

P>attle Hymn of the Republic Julia Ward Howe 

Miss Faweett and Mrs. E. R. Buckley. 

Oration Judge Jacob Faweett, of Omaha 

Private Kith Wis. Vol. Inf.. wounded •" Shiloh 

Dixie Land, Daniel D. Emmett 

Savannah Military Band. 
Decoration Day on the Place, . . . James Whitcomb Riley 

Gen. J. II. Stibbs. 
Tenting on the Old Camp Ground, . . . Walter Kittredgt 

Miss Faweett and .Mrs. F. R. Buckley. 
Poem. A Tribute to Those Who Fell on the Battlefield of 
Shiloh. April 6 and 7, 1862. Written for the oc- 
casion by Comrade G. S. Martin . . . . G. S. Martin 

('(.. F. 18th Wis. Inf. 
Transfer of Monument to Gov. James Davidson 

Cap!. V. II. Magdeburg 
President Wisconsin Shiloh Mon. Com. 

Star Spangled Banner Francis Scott Key 

Savannah Military Band. 
.Acceptance of Monument and Presentation of same to the 

United States Government . . Gov. James 0. Davidson 

Acceptance <»!' Monument on behalf of V. S. Govern- 
ment Colonel Cornelius Cadle 

Chairman of Shiloh National Military Park Commission. 

Remarks General Basil W. Duke 

Member of Shiloh Xafl Military Park Com. 

Song America Dr. Samuel F. Smith 

Miss Faweett and Mrs. F. R. Buckley. 

Benediction Rev. W. D. Dunn 

Pastor of Shiloh Church 



Dedication. 

On the morning of April 7, 1906, the dedication party formed 
at the Landing, and, headed by the colors of the Society of the 
Fourteenth Wisconsin, carried by Thomas Steele, of Depere, and 
those of the Society of the Sixteenth Wisconsin, carried by H. 
J. Smith, of Racine, marched to the monument, followed by 
vehicles carrying those not able to march, as well as the ladies 
of the party. 

At exactly 9:30 a, m. Captain F. II. Magdeburg, the presi- 
dent of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission and pre- 
siding officer at the dedication, stepped to the front and an- 
nounced that the proceedings would commence, and introduced 
the Bev. W. D. Dunn, pastor of Shiloh Church, who then opened 
the exercises with prayer. 

Prayer by the Rev. W. D. Dunn. 

Oh, Lord God of Heaven and Earth, Thou art the God of the 
North, the God of the South, the God of the East, and the God 
of the West. All the nations of the earth from Thy bounty have 
been blessed. We thank Thee for Thy goodness and mercy that 
Thou hast extended unto us from infancy to the present good 
hour. Thou hast blessed us with both temporal and spiritual 
blessings; Thou hast led us through dangers seen and unseen 
by us. 

We thank Thee for health and life, the right exercise of mind 
and body. 

We are the spared monuments of Thy tender love and mercy. 

We thank Thee for nil of these blessings, and for all of these 
opportunities for doing good; help us to improve them as we 
should. 

And as we, the North and the South, come together to unveil 
this monument to the memory of the brave Wisconsin soldiers 
who fought in Shiloh Rattle, may we all be reminded that our 
life work, thoughts, words, and deeds, are to be unveiled at the 
judgment bar of God. 

Lord, help us to so think, speak and act, that we shall not be 
ashamed of our record. 

May this occasion lie a fresh reminder to us that there is a 
greater battle to be fought by each of us than was fought at 
Shiloh ; a battle against sin and Satan ; and as our comrades 



fall at their posts, one by one, may we lend a hand of help and 
sympathy to ease and comfort them as they fall and pass 
through the valley of the shadow of death, hold up the flag of 
Jesus with the other hand to all the world, and do not let it 
trail in the dust. 

Oh, may we be as valiant in fighting for Jesus as these Wis- 
consin soldiers were in fighting for the Union. 

Sanctify this occasion to the good of us all ; and should we 
never meet again in this world, may we fight such a good fight 
for Jesus that we may meet in that world of everlasting bliss, 
to live with God and the angels forever, through Jesus Christ 
our Redeemer. Amen. 



Columbia The Gem of The Ocean. 

Thomas a Becket. 
Miss Lucile Strang. 

O Columbia, the gem of the ocean. 

The home of the brave and the free: 
The shrine of each patriot's devotion, 

A world offers homage to thee. 
Thy mandates make heroes assemble 

When Liberty's form stands in view. 
Thy banners make tyranny tremble 

When borne by the red. white, and blue. 

When borne by the red, white, and blue. 
When borne by the red. white, and blue. 

Thy banners make tyranny tremble 
When borne by the red, white, and blue. 

When war winged its wide desolation. 

And threaten'd the land to deform. 
The ark then of Freedom's foundation, 

Columbia rode safe through the storm; 
With her garlands of vict'ry around her, 

When so grandly she bore her brave crew, 
With her flag proudly floating before her, 

The boast of the red, white, and blue. 

The boast of the red, white, and blue. 
The boast of the red, white, and blue. 

With her flag proudly floating before her. 
The boast of the red, white, and blue. 



— 79 — 

The wine cup, the wine cup bring hither, 

And fill you it true to the brim, 
May the wreaths they have won never wither, 

Nor the star of their glory grow dim. 
May the service united ne'er sever, 

But they to their colors prove true, 
The army and navy for ever, 

Three cheers for the red, white, and blue. 

Three cheers for the red, white, and blue, 
Three cheers for the red, white, and blue, 

The army and navy forever, 
Three cheers for the red, white, and blue. 





<ien. J. H. Stibbs Reciting "Olc 



The Name of Old Glory. 

James Whitcomb Riley. 

General J. TI. Stibbs. 

Mr. Chairman, Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

1 have often wondered whether our people, as a rule, ever stop 
to consider and appreciate how remarkable it was that nearly 
eighteen centuries of our Christian era should have passed be- 
fore the "Stars and Stripes" were discovered. For centuries 
before Columbus discovered America the nations of the old 
world Avert 1 at war, governments were destroyed and obliterated, 
new dynasties were formed, and the ingenuity of man was taxed 
to its utmost in designing and constructing new fla^s and ban- 
ners that would lead great armies to victory; but in all of their 
planning and designing no one of them thought of the "Stars 
and Stripes," and it was left for the men of free America, when 
they met to found this glorious Republic of ours, to discover, 



invent and get a patent for "The Star-Spangled Banner," the 
flag of our Union. It did not represent a section or a faction, 
but was adopted by all of the States, and during all of the 
weary years of the Revolution it was carried by our gallant 
troops, until beneath its silken folds the immortal Washington 
received the surrender of the British army at Yorktown ; and 
for more than three-quarters of a century prior to our great 
Civil "War it was recognized, loved and revered, as it is today, 
by all loyal citizens of the Republic — North, South, East and 
West. It embodies more of beauty and sentiment, and com- 
mands more universal respect throughout the world, than the 
flag of any other nation. Some years ago someone — no one 
knows who — gave our flag the name of "Old Glory," and on 
every hand the name was accepted as a most appropriate one ; 
but in recent years the question has been asked, over and over 
again, "When, where and by whom was our nag first called 
'Old Glory'?" And, finally, James Whitcomb Riley, in a poem 
which Henry Watterson, of the Louisville Courier-Journal, pro- 
nounced to be the best that had lieen written in the decade in 
which it appeared, asked the question of the flag itself, and 
permitted the old banner to make answer. This I will now 
give you. 

Old Glory, say. who. 

By the ships and the crew. 

And the long, blended ranks of the gray and the blue, 

Who gave you, Old Glory, the name that you bear 

With such pride everywhere. 

As you east yourself free through the rapturous air. 

And leap out full length, as we're wanting you to? 

Who gave you that name, with the ring of the same. 

And the honor and fame so becoming to you? 

Your stripes stroked in ripples of white and of red. 

With your stars at their glittering best overhead. 

By day or by night 

Their delightfulest light 

Laughing down from their little square heaven of blue! 

Who gave you the name of Old Glory — say. who — 

Who gave you the name of Old Glory? 

The old banner lifted, and faltering then 

In vague lisps and whispers fell silent again. 

Old Glory, speak out! we are asking about 

How you happened to "favor" a name, so to say, 

That sounds so familiar and careless and gay 

As we cheer it and shout in our wild, breezy way — 

We — the crowd, every man of us, calling you that — 

We — Tom, Dick, and Harry — each swinging his hat 

And hurrahing, "Old Glory," like you were our kin, 

When, Lord, we all know we're as common as sin! 

And yet it just seems like you humor us all 



— 82 — 

And waft us your thanks, as we hail you and fall 

Into line, with you over us, waving us ou 

Where our glorified, sanctified betters have gone. 

Aud this is the reason we're wanting to know 

(And we're wanting it so! 

Where our own fathers went we are willing to go) 

Who gave you the name of Old Glory— O ho! — 

Who gave you the name of Old Glory? 

fin old flag unfurled with a billowy thrill 

For an instant: then wistfully sighed and was still. 

old Glory, the story we're wanting to hear 

Is what the plain facts of your christening were — 

For your name — just to hear it, 

Repeat it and cheer it, 's a tang to the spirit 

As salt as a tear; 

And seeing you fly, and the boys marching by, 

There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye 

And an aching for you always— or die, 

If, dying, we still keep you waving on high. 

And so by our love 

For you, floating above. 

And the scars of all wars, and the sorrows thereof, 

Who gave you the name. Old Glory, and why 

Are we thrilled at the name of Old Glory? 

Then the old banner leaped, like a sail in the blast, 

And fluttered an audible answer at last. 

And it spake, with a shake of the voice, and it said: 
'By the driven snow white and the living blood red 
Of my bars, and their heaven of stars overhead— 
By the symbol conjoined of them all, skyward cast. 
As I float from the steeple or flap at the mast. 
Or droop o'er the sod where the long grasses nod — 
My name is as old as the Glory of (bid. 
So I came by the name of Old Glory." 





Battle Hymn of the Republic. 

Julia Ward Howe. 

Miss Fawcett and Mrs. E. R. Buckley. 



Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coining of the Lord; 
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; 
He has loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible, swift sword: 
His truth is marching on. 

I have seen him in the watch-tires of a hundred circling ramps: 
They have builded him an altar in the evening dews and damps: 
I can read his righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps: 
His day is marching on. 

I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnished rows of steel: 
"As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal: 
Let the hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel. 
Since God is marching on." 

He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat: 
He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment seat: 
Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer him! be jubilant, my feet! 
Our God is marching on. 

In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, 
With a glory in his bosom, that transfigures you and me; 
As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free. 
While God is marching on. 




JUDGE JACOB FAWCETT 
Orator 



Address at the Dedication of the Monument Erected by 

the State of Wisconsin on the Battlefield of Shiloh 

in Memory of Her Soldiers Who Fought 

on the Field. 

Delivered April 7. 1906, by Jacob Fawcett op Omaha, Neb. 

"Put off thy shoes from off thy feet for the place whereon 
thou standest is holy ground." 

AY hat was true of the place where God thus spoke to Moses 
from the burning hush at Horeh is true of the place where we 
stand today; and I feel myself under the spell of those words 
as I enter upon the delivery of this address. 

This ground is holy, not because soldiers who were killed in a 
great battle Lie buried here, hut because it covers [vitriols, who 
freely and bravely died for a great cause; for a country to which 
their forefathers had been divinely directed, and which they 
had dedicated to the eternal principles of civil and religious 
Liberty; to freedom in its fullest and broadest sense, and to the 
principle of true democracy thai ;ill men are ereated equal and 



Now one of the judges of the supreme court of Nebraska. 



have an equal right to the enjoyment of life, liberty and the 
pursuit of happiness. 

Eighteen hundred and sixty-one opened upon a nation extend- 
ing from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the St. Lawrence 
to the Gulf. A nation vast in extent and mighty in resources, 
but a novice in war. A nation devoting all of its energies to 
peaceful pursuits, and leaving wars and their attendant evils 
to other less enlightened countries. A casual observer would 
have said: "Here is a nation whose prospects for the future 
are all that the most dissatisfied or ambitious heart could wish. 
Here peace and prosperity must ever reign." But a closer 
look at our nation's sky would have revealed the coming storm 
which was so soon to break upon us with such destructive force. 
Our nation had sinned. From its early infancy it had fostered 
and maintained within its midst an evil of sur-h magnitude in 
the sight of the great God who rules over the destinies of na- 
tions that continued peace and prosperity were impossible. A 
dark cloud had been rapidly gathering on the southern horizon. 
The plagues of Egypt were about to be visited upon us, with 
tliis difference — the last sconrge of the Egyptians was the first 
scourge of Americans. The cloud continued to spread until all 
of that portion of our nation's sky which covered this evil be- 
came dark and threatening. The mutterings of the thunders 
of discontent and oppression could be plainly heard. Various 
means were tried to avert the threatened storm, but all were in 
vain. The messenger of death went forth and the storm cloud 
broke. The nation \s night of war and death was long and ter- 
rible, and when the night had passed away and the dawn of 
peace returned it was found that the death messenger had 
scarcely missed a home. Lamentations for the dead went up 
all over the land. The first-born, and the son of old age ; hus- 
bands, fathers and brothers, alike lay moldering on southern 
soil. But the sin that had caused the war had been removed, 
and our nation started out upon a new life, with obedience to 
God as the foundation, supporting the broad arch of universal 
liberty; and to the top of that arch was nailed the flag of our 
country, where it waves today, proclaiming to the whole world that 
we are now in reality what we have always professed to be, the 
Land of the Free. As a result of that great struggle, this na- 
tion is now so thoroughly united that, travel where you will, 



from east to west, or north to south, were it not for an empty- 
sleeve here and an artificial limb or a crutch there, with an oc- 
casional mourner who will not be comforted, we would not be 
able to realize that we had passed through such a terrible war 
within so short a time. The institution of slavery, which was 
the cause of all our trouble, is a thing of the past, and today 
the people of the South sincerely join with us of the North in 
declaring that it is gone forever, and can never again be the 
cause of strife or discord between us. There is nothing in any 
part of this fair land today to occasion any sectional strife or 
bitterness, or cause any of the members of our great and happy 
family to take up arms against their brothers. Our recent war 
with Spain demonstrated the fact that if any nation engages in 
war with the United States Government, it must expect to wage 
thai war againsl a united people. As our minds go back today 
to that terrible struggle which took place on this historic field, 
and we witness again the wonderful courage and endurance of 
the men who fought here, on both sides of that great battle, we 
are able to realize what such men, standing shoulder to shoulder 
under one flag, in defense of one government, would be able to 
accomplish in a struggle with any foreign foe. As we of the 
North assemble here today for the purpose of dedicating this 
monument to the memory of Wisconsin soldiers who perished 
here, our hearts rejoice to feel that in coming to this place we 
are not coming into an enemy's country, and that our dead do 
not lie in an enemy's soil, but that we have assembled here 
among the people of the South and are mingling with them as 
members of a reunited family. That we are among those who 
honor our dead as we honor theirs. That we of the North join 
with the people of the South in saying that the heroes of this 
great battle wore both the blue and the gray. My sentiments 
today are aptly expressed by the poet: 

"In New England's fragranl forests; 

'Mid Nevada's rugged hills: 
'Mid her arid plains absorbing 

All her myriad snow-fed rills: 
In the southern groves of cypress: 

On the northwest's open fields: 
Where the cane gives up her juices. 

And the hill his granite yields; 
Wheresoe'er our starry banner 

To the winds its folds may give, 
There, my countrymen and neighbors, 

There, as brothers, let us live." 



This sentiment, which is now shared by all of the people of 
every portion of this wonderful country, has made this the 
greatest nation the world has ever known, and one which all 
future republics will use as their model. 

We of Omaha, who formerly lived in the State we represent 
here today, are wont to speak of her as the "good old State of 
Wisconsin;" and a good — yea, grand — old State it is today; 
hut when the deadly struggle of '61 to 65 opened it was in its 
infancy as a State. I was admitted into Wisconsin in 1847 
(the day I Avas horn), hut it was then only a territory; and it 
was not until the following year that it was admitted into the 
great sisterhood of States. So that, when the Avar began, Wis- 
consin Avas only thirteen years old. But Avhat a sturdy, brave 
and loyal member of the Union it proved itself to he! In 1860 
the official census shoAved a population in the State of 776,455. 
If Ave take six persons as the average of a family (and many of 
those old pioneer families Avere much more Rooseveltian than 
that), there were 120,607 families in the State at the beginning 
of the Avar. Out of those 129,607 families, 91,379 men went 
forth and offered themselves as sacrifices on the niter of their 
country. Of that number 10,868 are known to have paid the 
terrible price of freedom and made the last great sacrifice of 
loyalty, while 258 are still missing — the saddest word that can 
be spoken of a soldier. Some of them lie in unknown and un- 
marked graves, Avhile others were left to molder above ground, 
in some remote corner of the field, upon the very spot Avhere 
their sacrifice was made, without even the doubtful benefit of an 
enemy's burial. 

"CoA'er the thousands Avho sleep far away. 
Sleep where their friends cannot find them today: 
They, who in mountain and hillside and dell. 
Rest Avhere they wearied, and lie where they fell." 

They died without a single friend to soothe or sympathize with 
them in their dying moments; without the opportunity of send- 
ing one parting word to the dear ones at home. Greater patri- 
otism hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his 
country. 

Returning to our figures, Ave find that, counting one man to 
a family, over 70 per cent of the families in the State AA r ere rep- 
resented in the Civil War; and, after making careful compari- 



sons and deductions, in accordance with well established rules 
of computation, we find that one-half of all the men in the 
State of Wisconsin, within the ages of 18 to 45, went into the 
army; and that, of those who enlisted, about 12 1 L . per cent, or 
one out of every eight, gave up his life for the preservation of 
the Union. Add to that the large number who returned home 
with empty sleeves, or ugly scars, or shattered constitutions 
which clung to them until the Great Commander above ordered 
the "assembly" sounded which called upon them to enter into 
that new life where wars and wounds and death shall be no 
more, and you will have some idea of what Wisconsin did to 
preserve this nation. Among the many regiments that marched 
away from the State of Wisconsin, following the ''Stars and 
Stripes," the most beautiful flag that was ever kissed by the 
dews of heaven, keeping step to the weird, wild music of the 
fife and drum; leaving their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, 
sweethearts, and, what was harder still, their wives and prat- 
tling babes behind, and resolutely setting their faces toward the 
march, the comfortless bivouac, the hospital ." id the field of 
carnage and of death, were the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and 
Eighteenth Regiments of Infantry. They were made up of 
companies from all parts of the State, and of men from every 
walk of life. They were composed of men who had enlisted, 
not as mercenaries or soldiers of fortune, who fight for fame, 
plunder or empire, but as volunteers in the grand army of their 
beloved Republic ; to fight, and die if need be, for a great prin- 
ciple, and to preserve a priceless heritage for their posterity. 
They had laid aside their robes of peace and put on the habili- 
ments of war. They had set their faces toward the foe, and 
you could see written upon those faces a grim determination to 
win the war upon which they were entering. Our great cap- 
tain, Grant, did but express the feelings of his men when he 
ottered those determined Avoids: "We will fight it out on this 
line if it takes all summer." 

What an ovation Ave received from the loyal people of our 
State as we marched away! How little Ave, in fact. kneAv of 
whal was in store for us here, and of the test to which we would 
be subjected in a few short day 



rs! 



It is s;iid that "Coming events cast their shadoAvs before." 
An incident which occurred in my company the evening before 



— 89 — 

the battle of Shiloh verifies that saying. Some people say that 
we were surprised that Sunday morning', but such is not the 
fact. All day Saturday we had the instinctive feeling that a 
great battle was imminent. You all doubtless remember many 
times when, just before a hard storm, and while there was yet 
no sign of a cloud, something in the atmosphere has told you of 
what was coming. Your whole nervous system, like a great 
barometer, has warned you of the approaching danger. So it 
was on that Saturday. We felt that we were soon going to be 
arrayed in deadly conflict, and that some of us would probably 
pay the price of loyalty and be numbered with the slain. On 
Saturday evening a number of us gathered together in one of 
the large Sibley tents we were then using. One of the boys 
struck up a song, in which we all joined. That song was fol- 
lowed by others, and the spell which seemed to be over all 
caused us, with one accord, to sing the songs of home and by- 
gone days. Our last song was "Brave Boys Arc They." How 
the words come back to me today! 

"Thinking no loss of them, 

Loving our country the more. 
We sent them forth to fight for the flag 
Their fathers before them bore." 

We closed the evening's singing with the lines: 

"Oh! the dread field of battle! 

Soon to be strewn with graves! 
If brothers fall, then bury them where 
Our banner in triumph waves.'" 

The singing ended, and, under the spell of its patriotic pathos, 
without uttering a word, we separated and each man retired to- 
his own tent; some to dream of homes to which they would 
never return, and of friends they would never meet again this 
side of the "eternal shore." That little company never met 
again. On the next morning the "long roll" called them from 
their dreams of home to "the dread field of battle," of which 
they had sung the night before. Some of them fell that day; 
but we have this great consolation: We were able to "bury 
them where our banner in triumph waved." 

The fourteenth had been encamped at Savannah for about 
one week, when, on Sunday, April 6, it was ordered to be taken 
by boat to Pittsburg Landing, arriving there after Sunday's 



battle was over. On Monday morning, April 7, without being 
assigned, it fought with and on the right wing of the Fourteenth 
Smith's) brigade of the Fifth (Crittenden's) division. Army of 
the Ohio, serving with it all day. It assisted in the capture of 
a battery, one gun of which was awarded to the regiment and 
sen! lo the State as a recognition of the bravery of the regiment 
in that, its first battle. The reputation which it won that day 
was gallantly sustained throughout the war. 

This regiment's casualties were: Killed. 16; wounded, 74; 
missing. 3. Total, 93. 

The Sixteenth belonged to the First (Peabody's) brigade of 
the Sixth (Prentiss') division. It had left the beautiful city 
of Madison on the 13th of the month previous, and had only 
been at Pittsburg Landing two weeks when it went into the 
battle of Shiloh. Four of its companies, under command of 
Captain Saxe, were attached to Colonel Moore's Twenty-first 
Missouri Infantry, all being ordered to the support of Major 
Powell, of the Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry, who, with three 
companies, had been fighting since 4:55 a. m., Sunday, the 6th 
of April, but had fallen back to the Seay Field. Here Captain 
Saxe, of Company A, was killed, the first officer of the Union 
Army killed in that battle. After fighting about an hour, this 
force Pell back from the Seay Field to the Rhea Field, where 
it was joined by the balance of the brigade under command of 
Colonel Peabody, who held this position till about 8 a. m.. when 
he fell back to his camp. Here he was attacked and forced to 
abandon his camp at !> a. m. Peabody being killed, the brigade 
organization was broken up. The Sixteenth participated in all 
of these movements, and in the afternoon of that day was in 
the hottest part of the famous "Hornets' Nest." The next day 
it was again in the tight, so that, from start to finish, like a 
band of trained warriors, its face was ever to the front. 

Its losses both days were: Killed, 40: wounded. 188; miss 
ing, 26. Total, 254. More than one-fourth of a full regiment, 
in less than a month after leaving the State. 

The Eighteenth was part of the Second (Miller's) brigade ot 
the sixth (Prentiss') division. It had arrived Saturday after- 
noon, April 5, the day before the battle, just one week after 
leaving home. It formed with the brigade for battle at 6 a. m., 
aboul 300 yards in front of camp, at the south side of Spain 




GOVERNOR LOUIS P. HARVEY. 



Drowned in the Tennessee river April 19, L882. While stepping' from one 
boat to another after dark, he missed his footing and fell into the 
river. He runic to Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., with sanitary 
supplies, surgeons and nurses to assist the Wiscon- 
sin soldiers wounded in the Battle of Shiloh 
April 6 and 7. 1862. 



— 93 — 

Field, where the brigade was attacked at 8 a. m. and driven 
back upon its camp, which at 9 a. m. it was forced to abandon. 
Its colonel and major were killed and the lieutenant colonel 
and adjutant wounded, in consequence of which the regiment 
became separated. Part of the regiment joined with Prentiss 
at his third position, and remained with him until they were 
captured, with him, about 5 :30 p. m.. April 6. The balance of 
the regiment took part in the action of April 7, fighting in a 
manner and with a courage that would have done eredit to the 
legions of Caesar. The regiment's casualties for both days 
were: Killed, 23; wounded, 83; missing, 174. Total, 280. 

I belonged to Company I, of the Sixteenth. I Avas wounded 
about 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 6th. The next day I 
was taken aboard one of the boats lying at the landing, and a 
few days later was taken to Savannah and placed in a hospital. 
One day soon after I was placed in the hospital, a gentleman 
came to my cot and inquired about my wound and how I was 
being treated; and his kindly words, which I felt came from a 
manly and sympathetic heart, cheered me more than words can 
describe. That evening, or the next day, I do not now remem- 
ber which, that great-hearted patriot, while passing from one 
boat to another, fell into the river and was drowned. That 
man was Louis P. Harvey, Governor of Wisconsin, who, at the 
promptings of his great, loyal, loving heart, had immediately, 
on hearing of the battle, left the comforts of the governor's 
mansion and come here to see that "his boys" had everything 
done for them that it was possible to have done. We number 
him as one of Wisconsin's honored dead, at Shiloh. All honor 
to his name and rest to his soul ! I sincerely hope — yea, I 
know — that the great State he served so well will never cease 
to cherish his memory or fail to reverence the little green 
mound under which he now rests in Forest Hill Cemetery, at 
Madison. 

What shall we now say of the nation which they fought to 
save? Is it worth the great sacrifice that was made to preserve 
it? Seventy-five million Americans answer, Yes. We are not 
only living today in the very lest period of time the world has 
ever known, but we are living under the best government the 
world has ever known. We are living in a country where edu- 
cation and civilization have reached high-water mark, with that 
mark pushed up higher than it was ever knoAvn before. Where 



men are the mos1 kingly and women the most queenly of any 
age of country in the world's history. Where honor in men 
and virtue in women are the rule, and dishonesty and immor- 
ality the exception. Where man looks upon woman as his com- 
panion and not his servant, and woman looks upon man as her 
husband and qo1 her master. Where young men and women 
enjoy the advantages of our splendid educational institutions 
upon an equal footing. Where all things are possible to any 
boy or girl of ambition, integrity and energy. "Where no acci- 
dent of birth or caste can decide the future of any American 
boy. Where the young man entering upon his life's career 
can truly feel that he is not handicapped by his father's fail- 
ures and thereby disheartened, nor that he is assured of suc- 
cess by his father's eminence and thus induced to lessen his 
efforts. A country which encourages every lofty and noble am- 
bition of its poorest son, and ever holds before his eyes the 
highesl prize in all the world — the Presidency. For we Amer- 
icans claim, and the whole world is beginning to concede, that 
it is a greater honor to be elected President of this Nation by 
the free votes of its millions of voters than to gain a kingdom 
by the accident of birth. Since the North and South have be- 
come reunited in the bonds of national unity, the history of 
this Nation reads like a fairy tale. Today the eyes of the 
whole w r orld are upon us, and we, the once despised Republic of 
America, now shape the policies of the civilized world. Noble 
in its conception, grand in its construction, and magnificent in 
the symmetry of its finish, our Nation stands today, without a 
peer in all the world, as a monument of what can be accom- 
plished by a government that is in fact of the people, for the 
I 'co pie and by the people; and the prophetic words of the im- 
mortal Lincoln come to us at this hour, declaring that such a 
government "Shall not perish from the eorlh."- 

To whom do we owe these great privileges and blessings? To 
our Pilgrim Fathers, who, after landing at Plymouth Eock, 
deliberately made return impossible by sending their ships 
home to their fatherland without them, and, turning their faces 
westward resolved to do or to die in the cause of religious lib- 
erty 1 Yes. 

To the heroes of the Revolution, who faced untold hardships 
and suffering, and the fate of rebels if defeated, in fighting to 
a successful issue what the whole world at first considered an 



impossible revolution, and in establishing what the world called 
a republic of impossible dural ion .' Y< s. 

To the sturdy and daring frontiersmen, who scaled the Alle- 
ghanies and penetrated the wilderness of the West, as it was 
then called, with ax and spade in one hand and rifle in the 

(it her.' Yes. 

They all three contributed in no small degree to make possi- 
ble our present prosperous and happy condition. But, my 
friends, of what avail would have been all of then' efforts, and 
hardships, and sacrifices, if the brave men whose deeds of valor 

this monument commemorates, and their comrades in arms, had 
failed us from 'til to '65? When that time which had been 
predicted seemed to have come; when our national life was 
trembling in the balance; when internal strife and discord 
threatened to tear us asunder and confirm the thought of the 
old world thai disorder and destruction could only be subdued 

or prevented l>\ the mailed hand of a king; when it seemed 

that the prophecy thai no republican form of governmenl could 

ever stand, was about to he verified; when i! looked as if the 

passengers on the Mayflower had sailed in vain, and the sacri 
lices of the Revolution were to be of no avail, and the hardships 

Of the wilderness were to go for naught; Ih. mi it was that these 
men and their comrades, imbued with the spirit of religious 

Liberty of the Pilgrim Fathers, and the low of national liberty 
of the Revolutionary heroes, and the daring and determination 
of the frontiersmen, all combined with their Loyalty to the Na- 
tion as it had thus been given to them. Laid aside all thoughl 
-if self, and, swearing by the Eternal God thai this Nation 
should not pass from the face of the earth, went forth to fight 
that ureal battle which preserved Ih,- union and gave US the 
Nation we have today. Nad they failed then to show their 
appreciation of their greal and costly birthright, we would not 

he unveiling this beautiful monument today, hut another great 
iiionuiiienl would have been erected instead, on which the name 
of the American Republic would have been made to proclaim 
the fact to all coming generations that government of the peo- 
ple, and by the people is an idle dream, and the doctrh f the 

divine right of the king would have beco firmly established 

again throughout the world. I'.ut this monumenl of granite 
and bronze, and our presence here today, attest the fact thai 



they stood the crucial test, and in the hour of their country's 
need were not found wanting. Of such clay as this the men 
•of '61 to '65 were molded. The monument before us is an 
inspiration. Beautiful in design and perfect in its execution, 
it does credit alike to its designer, and builder, and to the great 
State that caused it to be erected. Victory, in the form of a 
chaste and beautiful woman, with one hand holds aloft the flag, 
while with the other she supports the form of the stricken sol- 
dier who has carried it through the thick of the fight, and who 
now presses his hand upon the death wound near his heart as 
if to stay the hand of death long enough for him to see and 
realize that the battle has been won, and the flag for which he 
is giving his life is waving in triumph o'er his head; and un- 
derneath them both, as a symbol of the permanency of the 
future of his beloved Republic, is the base of imperishable 
granite. This beautiful monument has a two-fold significance 
to me. It will stand through storm and sunshine, in the years 
to come, as a memorial to the brave men who died on this 
bloody field. It will also stand as a silent but constant witness 
to the fact that, forty-four years after these men had died, the 
loyal people and the patriotic Legislature of the State from 
which they came had not forgotten them nor become unmindful 
of the great service rendered and sacrifice made by them in the 
hour of their country's need. The years will come and go in 
the future as in the past. Each succeeding year seems a little 
shorter to the old veteran than the one which just preceded it. 
One by one they are dropping from the muster roll here and 
answering to the roll call "over there." Soon, oh, so soon, 
"taps" will be sounded, and the light of the last veteran of 
'61 to '65 will go out forever; but the memory of the battles 
they fought and the victory they won will never, never die. 
Long after this monument shall have crumbled away — yea, as 
long as the rocks and hills, the prairies and the lakes of their 
beloved State shall endure, so long will the memory of their 
deeds of loyalty and valor also endure. And, 

"When the long years have rolled slowly away, 
E'en to the dawn of earth's funeral day: 
When, at the Archangel's trumpet and tread. 
Rise up (he faces and forms of the dead: 
When the great world its last judgmenl awaits; 
When the blue sky shall fling open its gates, 



And our long columns march silently through. 
Past the Great Captain for final review: 
Then, to those who have died for the right, 
Crowns shall be given untarnished and bright; 
Then the glad ear of each war martyred son. 
Proudly shall hear the good judgment — 'well done 
Blessings for garlands shall cover them over. 
Husband and father and brother and lover: 
God will reward these dead heroes of ours. 
And cover them over with beautiful flowers." 



Dixie Land. 

Daniel D. Emmett. 
Savannah Military Band. 




'Cherry House," Savannah, Tenn. — Headquarters of Gen. Grant. 




Decoration Dag on the Place. 

James Whitcomb Riley. 

Gen. J. H. Stibbs. 

The Committee has kindly consented that, before reciting the 
number assigned me on the program, I may give one of my own 
choosing. 

The men who held commissions during our great war have 
always been foremost in conceding that the rebellion was put 
down by the "man who carried a gun," and I feel today like 
taking off my hat to the members of the "Wisconsin Commission 
for having selected the figure of a common soldier with which 
to decorate the beautiful monument now being dedicated. I 
was one of those whose fortune it was to hold a commission — 
T had a number of them, in fact — and T think I had good rea- 
son to lie proud of them, because they came to me through the 



votes of the men I had the honor to command; but, while I was 
proud of my commissions, I was prouder still of the fact that 
when my country needed my services I was one of the first men 
in the State of Iowa to sign a muster roll and enter the ranks 
as a private soldier. I carried one of the heaviest muskets 
known in war, and I carried it long enough and carried it far 
enough to cause me to have the most profound regard and re- 
spect for the men who served in the ranks ; and I feel that it is 
a pleasure and a privilege, on an occasion like this, to say some- 
thing which pays tribute to the enlisted man; and, with this 
thought in mind, I will recite fcr yon. 



The Man With the Musket. 

They are building as Babel was built, to the sky. 

With dash and confusion of speech; 
r They are piling- up monuments massive and high 

To lift a few names out of reach, 
And the passionate, green laureled god of the great 

In a whimsical riddle of stone, 
Has chosen a few from the field and the state 

To sit on the steps of his throne. 

But I, I will pass from this race of renown. 

This ant-hill commotion and strife, 
Pass by where the marbles and bronzes look down, 

With their half-frozen gestures of life. 
On, out to the nameless, who lie 'neath the gloom 

Of the pitying cypress and pine. 
Your man is the man of the sword and the plume. 

But the man with the musket is mine. 

I knew him! By all that is noble, I knew 

This commonplace hero I name! 
I've camped with him, marched with him, fought with him, too, 

in the swirl of the fierce battle flame. 
Laughed with him, cried with him, taken a part 

Of his canteen and blanket, and know 
That the throb of his chivalrous prairie boy"s heart 

Was an answering stroke of my own. 

I knew him, I tell you! And, also, I knew 

When he fell on that battle swept ridge. 
That the poor, battered body that lay there in blue 

Was only a plank in the bridge 
Over which some should pass to a fame 

That shall shine while the high stars shall shine; 
Your hero is known by an echoing name. 

But the man with the musket is mine. 



1 knew him! All through him the good and the bad 

Kan together, and equally free! 
But 1 judge, as I trust Chrisl lias judged, the brave lad, 

For death made him noble to me! 

In the cyclone of war, in the battle's eclipse. 

Life shook out its lingering sands. 
And he died with the names thai he loved on his lips. 

His musket still grasped in his hands. 
Up close to the flag my soldier went down 

In the salient front of the line; 
You may take for your heroes the men of renown. 

But the man with the musket is mine. ! 

Throughout the Northern States — and, I might say, in fact, 
wherever a Union soldier is buried — Decoration Day, or Memo- 
rial Day, as it is now called, is universally observed. On that 
day, in all of our cemeteries, large and small, and at every 
village or crossroads graveyard, the graves of our soldier dead 
are strewn with flowers and marked by a flag; and I want to 
say to the ex-Confederates who are here today that in the great 
city of Chicago, where I am living, we have the graves of a 
large number of Confederate soldiers, and on Memorial Day we 
decorate their graves with as much care and ceremony as those 
of the Union dead. No one stops to think of or discuss the 
merits of the cause they fought and died for. AVe think of 
them only as brave soldiers who died for a principle they be- 
lieved was right; and on each succeeding Memorial Day some 
post of the Grand Army is detailed to look after the graves of 
the Confederate dead. 

It was my good fortune to be present when James Whitcomb 
Riley first recited in public his poem entitled, "Decoration Day 
on the Place," and in connection with it he gave ;i bit of prose 
in which he described an old home on the farm, where a race 
of patriots had been reared. He said: 

"There is the old ancestral roof, with the old locusts looming 
all about it. with the old sweet blossoms on them and the old 
bees droning there: the old dooryard, the old porch, and the 
old dog sleeping in the sun; the old well-sweep, the little gar- 
den patch, and the old orchard just beyond, made sacred as the 
family burial-ground. The old house is very full of quiet now. 
Sometimes an old man comes out, and sits upon the porch, and 
looks wistfully across the fields to where the road to town goes 
by. Sometimes an old woman comes out and sits there with 
him, saint-like and silently. They see sometimes a neighbor 



102 — 




driving by, and know him by his horses. Sometimes they see 
go by — in early morning generally, — two, three, five, sometimes 
as many as a dozen different wagons, and then they know there 
is a "big day" in town; maybe an old-settlers' meeting, a po- 
litical rally, or Decoration Day. Vague rumors reach them of 
these alien affairs, but they are always interested to hear of 
them, especially of Decoration Day — the more so since it seems 
most important to this old home-keeping couple, who have never 
attended this annual decoration service, made so much of by 
the people of the town. Their Decoration Day experiences the 
old man might sum up like this: 



Decoration Day on the Place. 

It's lon?some, — sort o' lonesome — It's a Sunday day to me, 
It "pears like, — more'n any day I nearly ever sec! 
Yit. with the Stars and Stripes above, a flutterin' in the air 
On ev'ry soldier's grave. I'd love to lay a lily there. 

They say, though, Decoration day is ginerilly observed 
Most ev'rywheres — especially by soldier hoys that's served — 
But me and mother's never went— we seldom git away — 
In pint o' fact, we're alius home on Decoration day. 

They say the old boys marches through the streets in columns grand, 

A-follerin' the old war tunes they're playin' on the band 

And citizens all jinin' in — and little children, too — 

All marchin' under shelter of the old Red, White, and Blue. 

With roses! roses! roses! Ev'rybody in the town! 

And crowds o' little girls in white, jest fairly loaded down! 

O! don't the boys know it, from their camp across the hill? 

Don't they see their comrades comin' and the old flag wavin' still? 

O! can't they hear the bugle, and the rattle of the drum? 
Ain't they no way under heaven they can rickollect us some? 
Ain't they no way we can coax 'em through the roses, jest to say 
They know that ev'ry day on earth's their Decoration day? 

We've tried that— me and mother — where Elias takes his rest 
In the orchard, in his uniform, and hands acrost his breast. 
And the flag he died for, smilin' and a-ripplin' in the breeze 
Above his grave— and, over that, the robin in the trees! 

And yit it's lonesome — lonesome! it's a Sunday day to me, 
It 'pears like— more'n any day I nearly ever see — 
Yit, with the Stars and Stripes above a'flutterin' in the air. 
On ev'ry soldier's grave I'd love to lay a lily there. 



Tenting on the old Camp Ground. 

Walter Kittredge. 
Miss Fawcett and Mrs. E. R. Buckley. 

We're tenting tonight on the old camp ground; 

Give us a song to cheer 
Our weary hearts: a song of home 

And friends we love so dear. 

Chorus . 

Many are the hearts that are weary tonight, 

Wishing for the war to cease; 
Many are the hearts looking for the right, 

To see the dawn of peace. 
Tenting tonight! Tenting tonight! 
Tenting on the old camp ground. 

We've been tenting tonight on the old camp ground; 

Thinking of days gone by; 
Of the loved ones at home who gave us the hand, 

And the tear that said, "Good-by!" 

Chorus. 
Many are the hearts, etc. 

We've been fighting today on the old camp ground: 

Many are lying near; 
Sonic are dead, and some are dying, 

Many are in tears. 

Chorus . 

Many are the hearts that are weary tonight. 

Wishing for the war to cease: 
Many are the hearts looking for the right. 

To see the dawn of peace. 
Dying tonight! Dying tonight! 
Dying on the old camp ground. 



— 105 — 



A Tribute to Those Who Fell on the Battlefield of Shiloh, 
April 6 and 7, 1862. 

G. S. Martin. 
G. S. Martin, Co. E, 18th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry. 



These are the men who fought and fell 

As only freemen fall. 
Not for a soldier's glittering crown. 

Nor yet at glory's call: 
Bnt that the kindled fires of truth 

On Freedom's sacred shrine. 
Reflected through the world at large, 

Might glow with rays sublime. 

This spot of consecrated ground 

Was hallowed by their tread. 
And here they met the battle shock 

That strewed this field with dead 
On those eventful April days 

That set this field apart, 
And left these honored names enshrined 

In every patriot heart. 

Our mural monuments may mark 

The places where they fought, 
But Freedom, glorified, in fact 

These places long had sought. 
And here had built her sacred shrine 

And flung its portals wide, 
And to the listening world had said: 

"Come, see where patriots died." 

This altar glows with living coals 

Of Freedom's vestal fire. 
Enkindled in the hoary past 

By noble son and sire, 
And kept aglow in loyal hearts— 

A secret, quenchless flame — 
Till, on this virgin continent, 

It dared to take a name. 

And for its banner plucked the stars 

From out their field of blue. 
And tore its stripes from robes of light 

Dipt in the sunset hue. 
And bound them in a symbol grand 

Of Union strong and free, 
.'-nil gave it to her sons to guard 

As long as time shall be 



Misguided sons of Freedom here 

This glorious flag- disgraced, 
And sought to pluck one-half the stars 

That Freedom there had placed; 
But other sons with vision clear 

To Freedom's cause were true, 
And died that every star might shine 

\\ itliin that field of blue. 

But Freedom's cause at last prevailed 

On this and other fields, 
And every star, with light undimmed, 

Its glorious radiance yields 
To penetrate the wide, wide world 

With Freedom's blessed light. 
And wake the nations of the earth 

To man's inherent right. 

This sacrifice was not too great. 

Nor died these men in vain: 
The peoples of the earth have heard 

And join the grand refrain. 
Which, feebly, here today we voice 

In praise o'er land and sea 
Of those who here gave up their lives 

That mankind might be free. 

One star in that grand galaxy — 

Wisconsin it is named — 
Shone out resplendent through that night, 

While others waxed and waned, 
And Freedom's vigils boldly kept 

Along the battle front, 
Till every star within the group 

Shone out as was its wont. 

And here, today. Wisconsin brings 

This tribute to her sons. 
Who fell upon this battlefield 

Midst thunderous roar of guns. 
And who now sleep beneath this sod. 

No mure in time to wake. 
Their deathless names inscribed with those 

Who died for Freedom's sake. 



— 107- 




CAPTAIN F. H. MAGDEBURG. 



Address of Captain F. H. Magdeburg, President Wiscon- 
sin Shiloh Monument Commission. 



Gove Dior: 

The time has arrived for delivering to you the monument we 
were entrusted to erect by the State of Wisconsin on this his- 
toric spot in honor of her brave sons who so freely offered their 
lives here for their country. 

It will at this time be proper to state that in 1000 a self- 
constituted committee, consisting of Captain F. II. Magdeburg, 
of the Fourteenth "Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Mr. D. G. 
James, at that time Department Commander, G. A. R., Depart- 
ment of Wisconsin, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer In- 
fantry, and Surgeon E. J. Buck, of the Eighteenth Wisconsin 
Volunteer Infantry, prepared a bill asking for an appropria- 
tion of $20,000 for the purpose of erecting this monument, 
which was enacted into a law by the Legislature of 1901, but 
cut down to $10,000, with a clause restricting the commissioners 
to the exclusive use of Wisconsin granite. 



Acting upon the authority which this law conferred upon 
him, the then Governor, Robert M. La Follette, commissioned 
Captain F. H. Magdeburg, of Milwaukee; Mr. R. E. Osborne, 
of La Crosse ; Lieutenant and Adjutant D. Lloyd Jones, of Mil- 
waukee ; Mr. D. G. James, of Richland Center, and Mr. J. W. 
Baldoek, of Chilton, to carry out the provisions thereof. 

The Commissioners visited Shiloh in 1901 and selected this 
site for a monument, which selection was approved by the 
Shiloh National Military Park Commission and the Secretary 
of War. 

They then tried to get designs and bids, but found themselves 
woefully handicapped by the smallness of the appropriation, 
as well as the unbusiness-like provision in the law restricting 
them to Wisconsin granite. Upon a proper representation of 
these facts to the Legislature of 1903, an additional $5,000 was 
appropriated and the unbusiness-like provision was stricken 
out, leaving the Commissioners unhampered and free to act ac- 
cording to their best judgment. 

Designs were called for, and one, submitted by Captain 
W. R. Hodges, a Wisconsin soldier of the Civil War, living at 
St. Louis, was accepted. It is the design of Mr. Robert Porter 
Bringhurst, a sculptor of St. Louis, a son of an Illinois com- 
rade. It embodies the beautiful and patriotic sentiment: 
"That all who die upon the battlefield for their country are 
sure of their reward in heaven." The following were my sug- 
gestions to the sculptor: 

"Let me give you my idea of what this group should be, and 
what idea or thought it should convey to those who look upon it. 

"The soldier should not be dead, but mortally stricken. His 
agony should be expressed by his grasp at his death wound, 
supposed to have been received near his heart. His face should 
express exultation at the knowledge that victory crowns his 
effort, and that the sacrifice of his life to his country's cause 
is not in vain, which fact is made clear to him by Victory hold- 
ing aloft the flag he carried, where, in his last moments, he can 
gaze upon it and glory in the comforting thought of victory 
won. 

"The figure of Victory should be imposing and chaste, and 
her face should express tenderness and solicitude." How well 
these instructions were carried out remains for the public to 
decide. 



— 109 — 

The pedestal was designed by Mr. Charles A. Fink, a Mil- 
waukee architect, and was executed by Messrs. Joseph Newall 
& Co., of Westerly, R. I., in granite from their quarries at that 
place. The bronze work was all cast by the Gorham Manufac- 
turing Company, of Providence, R. I. 

The only regret the Commissioners have to express is that 
one of our co-laborers, Lieutenant and Adjutant D. Lloyd 
Jones, is not one of our number today to enjoy with us the 
fruition of our joint labors. He died December 29, 1904, be- 
loved by all who knew him, and we, his co-laborers, have ever 
since missed him. In deference to his memory and the fact 
that the work of the Commission was practically finished, the 
remaining commissioners unanimously requested the Governor 
not to fill the vacancy. 

I now take great pleasure, on behalf of the Wisconsin Shiloh 
Monument Commission, to surrender to your fostering care 
and keeping our labor of love, the monument before you. 

Dedicated by the State of Wisconsin 

to her valiant sons 

who on April (5th and 7th, ls>;:.\ 

Fought on this Battlefield 

For the Preservation and Perpetuity 

of the Union. 




MAJOR I). W. REED, 
Secretary and Historian Shiloh Natural Military Park Commission. 




(iOVERXOR JAMES O. DAVIDSON. 



Acceptance of Monument and Presentation of Same to 
the United States Government. 

Governor James 0. Davidson. 

Ft How Citizi ns: 

I accept this beautiful monument from the Wisconsin Shiloli 
Battlefield Commission. Its design reflects great credit upon 
Captain Magdeburg and his co-workers on the Commission, and 
its execution more highly praises the artist than any words of 
mine could praise him. In behalf of the State which I have 
the honor to represent, 1 present this monument to the Na- 
tional Government, which will care for it during all future 
time through the agency of the Shiloh National Military Park 
Commission. 



Forty-four years ago today this park was the scene of bloody 
conflict. This spot will ever he distinguished as the place on 
the American continent where the first really great battle of 
any war was fought. "We often refer with pride to the achieve- 
ments of our Revolutionary heroes, who, for seven long years, 
between Bunker Hill and Yorktown, fought the soldiers of 
England and their Hessian hirelings. But in all that memor- 
able struggle, so rich in results to the world, no battle was 
fought that at all compares with that which we commemorate 
today. 

"What a wonderful healer is time ! Forty-four years ago the 
roar of cannon and the rattle of musketry, the charge and the 
repulse, the dead and the dying. 

Today, the survivors of that memorable and epoch-making 
battle are here as friends. One flag floats over them — the flag 
of Washington ; one government guards the monuments here 
erected to commemorate their valor. In the North, the "boys 
in blue" place the first flowers of springtime on the last resting 
places of the "boys that wore the gray," and in the Southland 
this kindness is reciprocated. 

There was no element of personal bitterness between the sol- 
diers of the North and the soldiers of the South. Each bears 
cheerful testimony to the other's bravery, and their children 
are now happily united in the effort to repair the ravages of 
the war and make this country greater than it was before. 

It would not be proper on this occasion to discuss the causes 
that brought on the conflict which engaged in battle more than 
two million of the best and bravest of America's sons. But it 
can with truth be said that if the teachings of Washington and 
Jefferson had been followed by the statesmen of our country, 
there would have been no war between 1861 and 1865, and no 
occasion for the dedicatory exercises in which we are this day 
engaged. 

I would at this time enjoin upon the soldiers of the North 
and of the South that they teach their children to study well 
the Declaration of Independence and Washington's farewell 
address, and in the light of these construe the Constitution of 
our country as a safeguard against future trouble. Human 
selfishness and special privilege, controlling the public press 
and stifling free speech and candid argument, deluged our land 



in blood and made widows and orphans in every hamlet. Let 
us hope today, in the presence of the illustrious dead, that 
human selfishness and special privilege will never again, in any 
form, be permitted to fill this land with mourning. 

Our greatest need at this time, as during our past history, 
is education. The fundamental principle of our government, 
the sovereignty of the people, demands that every citizen 
should be well taught in all principles of private and public 
duty. An educated people can never become the dupes of 
demagogues. It was well said by one of our most illustrious 
statesmen, more than a hundred years ago, that "People cor- 
rectly informed will always do right." 

Correct information must always precede right action. It is 
only when the people are fully informed that it can be truth- 
fully said that the "voice of the people is the voice of God." 
The law that gives to the citizen the privilege of approaching 
the ballot box should also provide for him such an education 
that his ballot will prove a blessing and a benefit to his munici- 
pality, state and nation. 

Without universal education we cannot safely have universal 
suffrage. I am led to this reflection by a conviction that many 
of the calamities which have overtaken us in our national life 
might have been avoided if the masses had been rightly in- 
structed. It is the part of wisdom to profit by the errors of 
the past, and bravely and patriotically face the future. The 
forefathers of the brave men who repose on this battlefield fol- 
lowed Washington at Trenton, at Monmouth, and at Yorktown. 
They established a government based on the political equality 
of man. We rejoice today that in the recent past the sons of 
the "Roys in Blue" and the '"Boys m Gray," under the leader- 
ship of Joe Wheeler and Theodore Roosevelt, followed the 
starry banner of Washington and drove Spanish tyranny from 
the American continent and gave birth to a new republic. 

We are now one people. Forty-four years ago we numbered 
32,000,000; we are now 80,000,000. Then we had 32,000 miles 
of railway: now we have more than 250.000 miles. Then we 
had 33 states; now we have 45. We are a ureal nation. 

Every age brings its own problems for solution. We have 
questions to settle today as momentous as any thai <-<>neerned 
us in the past. And in their right settlement the North needs 
the wise and patriotic co-operation of the South. 



The State which I have the honor to represent furnished 
91,379 soldiers between 1861 and 1865. Of this number 3,810 
were killed in action and died of wounds-, and 8.272 died from 
all other causes, Wisconsin's total loss being 12,082. Three 
regiments, the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Eighteenth, partici- 
pated in the battle in this park, of which 7!) were killed. 345 
were wounded, and 203 were missing; total. 027. As we look- 
about us and view these beautiful monuments, dedicated to the 
valor of men who fought and died here forty-four years ago, we 
are reminded of the awful price in blood and treasure paid for 
our national unity. Let us prize it at what it eoet: and on this 
ground, sanctified by the blood of the Nation 's brave men, let 
us resolve that in the contests of the future our only weapons 
will be arguments and reason, firmly relying on the intelligence 
and virtue of the majority to give the victory on the side of 
truth and right. 





Iru,-.^"""H.^.„ I111P? . 
^■■■■iSii"-- 



raking on a Cargo of Tennessee Peanuts. 




Acceptance of Monument en Behalf of U. S. 
Government. 

Colonel Cornelius Cadle, 

Chairman of Shiloh National Military Park Commission. 

Governor Davidson and Gentlemen of the Wisconsin Shiloh 
Monumt at Commission : 
At the suggestion of the President of your Commission, Cap- 
tain Magdeburg, a formal request was made by me to the War 
Department that the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of War 
mighl lie present at this dedication to receive, on behalf of the 
United States, the monument erected by Wisconsin on this field. 
In response to this request. Colonel Robert Shaw Oliver, the 
Assistant Secretary of War. who was a soldier for the Union 
during the Civil War. writes me. regretting exceedingly that 
neither the Secretary nor the Assistant Secretary of War can 
be present on this occasion, and directing me. as Chairman of 



the Shiloh National ^Military Park Commission, to represent the 
United States in the acceptance of this monument. 

It therefore gives me great pleasure to accept this magnifi- 
cent monument commemorating the valor and splendid service 
performed on this field by the volunteers of the Fourteenth, 
Sixteenth and Eighteenth Wisconsin Regiments of Infantry, 
and to assure you that from now and henceforth the monument 
will be under the care and protection of the United States. 

It may not be amiss at this time to recall to your minds some 
few details as to the part played by Wisconsin in the great 
struggle for the preservation of the Union. It appears from 
the official records that there were fifty-three regiments of in- 
fantry, thirteen companies of light artillery, three regiments 
of cavalry and one regiment of heavy artillery from Wisconsin 
in the military service of the United States during the Civil 
War. 

It also appears that the number of men furnished to the 
Army, Navy and Marine Corps by the State during that war 
was 91,379. It should be borne in mind, however, that this 
number represents enlistments (credits), and not the actual 
number of individuals in service, which latter has never been 
officially determined, no compilation of the number of enlist- 
ments ever having been made. It is estimated, however, from 
the best data obtainable, that the number of individuals from 
your State in service in the Union Army, Navy and Marine 
Corps during the war was 72,757. 

According to the latest official compilation, the whole num- 
ber of deaths among officers and enlisted men in Wisconsin or- 
ganizations in the Union Army during the Civil War was 
12,082. Of this number, 3,810 were killed in action and died 
of wounds received in action, while 8,272 died from all other 
causes. 

Your three Wisconsin regiments on this field had present 
for duty: The Fourteenth, 730; the Sixteenth, 827; the Eight- 
eenth, 735 ; a total of 2,292. 

There were killed: The Fourteenth. 16; the Sixteenth, 40; 
the Eighteenth, 23 ; a total of 79. 

There were wounded: The Fourteenth, 74; the Sixteenth,. 
188 ; the Eighteenth, 83 ; a total of 345. 

There were missing: The Fourteenth, 3; the Sixteenth. 26- 
the Eighteenth, 174; a total of 203. 



The casualties aggregated ;i total of 627, or a loss of nearly 
27 4-10 per centum. 

These figures show that Wisconsin on this field, as on all 
others, did her full service for our Union. 

We have an orator upon our Commission. 1 refer to General 
Basil W. Duke, of John Morgan's command, who, according to 
the program, follows me. Theie is no controversy between Gen- 
eral Duke and those of us who wore the blue and fought on this 
historic field. We are now brothers of a reunited country — 
brothers in every respect. 




Bloody Pond. 




Remarks. 



General Basil W. Duke, 



Member of Shiloh National Military Pari- Commission. 



The position I occupy today and the share I take in these 
ceremonies may seem to some of those who hear me strangely 
at variance with my former attitude as a soldier in the ranks 
of the Confederacy, and would, at one time, have been scarcely 
explicable to myself. Not many years since, indeed, it would 
have been deemed incredible that one who stood upon this very 
field in hostile temper and "bloody opposition" to the men in 
whose honor this monument is erected—these men who fought 
to preserve a Union he was seeking to dismember, and died for 
a country he was striving to divide — should ever join sincerely 
and gladly in rendering them a testimonial, not only of respect, 
but of approbation. Yet the wonder ceases when we compare 
the present with the past — that past of wrath and misconstruc- 
tion, the present so unlike what some of us expected — and pon- 
der the lesson the intervening years have taught. More than 
the span of a generation had passed before either yon. to whom 



the victory was given, or we who knew the sting of failure and 
defeat, could understand all that was involved in the conflict 
or the full meaning and measure of the result. But when not 
only had the causes of sectional controversy been removed and 
the animus which incited it allayed, hut when the anger and 
resentment of the strife had been forgotten as the years rolled 
by, we could discern that estrangement was as abnormal as dis- 
sension, and realized that our common destiny as a united peo- 
ple could be accomplished only by mutual and perfect recon- 
ciliation. 

An occasion like this which brings you here today must be 
one of interest in whatever aspect it be regarded. As a tribute 
to the dead from their friends and surviving comrades — a 
token of love and esteem for the brave men who gave their lives 
for their people — all can understand it. They fell here in the 
flower of youth and prime of manhood, and what you do now 
is an appropriate recognition of the spirit which was willing 
to brave any danger and suffer the extremest penalty self-abne- 
gation could incur, if by such sacrifice they might serve their 
country. It is no less intelligible as an evidence that national 
appreciation and acknowledgment of such martyrdom will not 
be wanting, and that the memory of those who died in defense 
of the national integrity shall be held in remembrance and 
honor. 

But is there not a broader and even grander meaning in 
these ceremonies when conducted at a spot like this? Upon 
ground to which, in all the national future, men from the 
North and men from the South alike shall come, like pilgrims 
to some sacred shrine; where men who wore the blue and men 
who wore the gray shall meet and unite in reverent homage to 
the heroic dead. "When we witness these rites performed on a 
Battlefield where men strove against as well as for the govern- 
ment by whose countenance they are held, and know that equal 
honor may be paid to all: when we reflect that there rest in 
death beneath this held as many who were arrayed against the 
national authority as those who marched and bled in obedience 
to the national mandate, and that to each is given the same re- 
spect and care, we can realize that what is so done here means 
more than the same mortuary honors rendered elsewhere. 

This National Park was established in order that it might be 



made a memorial of the valor and devotion shown by those who 
fell on either side, and no testimonial which human wisdom 
might devise could more perfectly attest the restoration of fra- 
ternal feeling and the existence of that unity of national senti- 
ment without which mere political union would be of slight 
avail. 

But you will pardon me, I trust, my friends, if I suggest 
that these things have an even profounder significance, and one 
that only in very recent years has been comprehended. Even 
in the fiercest grapple of the Avar, and in the even bitterer pe- 
riod which immediately succeeded it, the more tolerant and 
generous of the combatants were accustomed to concede each 
other at least sincerity of conviction. They said of each other: 
''They believe that they are right; they are fighting for that 
which they have faith in.'' But have we not gradually come 
to believe that something more than this may be justly said? 
And that there was indeed an element of right and justice in 
each contention? 

We. who fought upon the Southern side, did so in the full 
belief that the several States which constituted the Union were 
sovereign, independent and equal; that the States which had 
formed the compact, of which the Union was the result, had 
possessed these political attributes since the date that they had 
been freed from the dominion of Great Britain, and did not 
surrender them by the terms of the compact or as a logical 
consequence of its adoption ; and that the States subsequently 
organized and admitted into the Union were admitted upon 
an equal footing and accorded, necessarily, the same status 
and the same rights that were claimed or possessed by its orig- 
inal members. There was, it is true, no declaration of the right 
of a State to secede or withdraw from the Union expressed in 
the Constitution, nor. in our theory, was such a reservation 
necessary, because the independent political communities which 
could make such a compact could also rescind it. We believed, 
therefore, that each or any member of the States had the right 
to withdraw from the Union and form another and independ- 
ent confederation, because such right to dissolve existing politi- 
cal relations and enter into new ones is but one expression of 
the fundamental truth that "all just government rests on the 
consent of the governed." 



We also honestly believed that if one section of this coun- 
try — if the people of one group of States — could interfere with 
and control the domestic affairs of the people of the other States, 
there would be an end of the local autonomy on which was 
founded that liberty which in the estimation of the American 
is almost the only form of freedom worth having. 

You believed — and, I think, correctly — that, without the Un- 
ion of the States, there could be no lasting peace upon this 
continent; that the process of disintegration, having once be- 
gun, would go on indefinitely until the whole land would be 
subdivided into a multitude of feeble but unfriendly communi- 
ties, and become a chaos of jealous rivalries and intestinal 
strife — until not only the prosperity and happiness of its peo- 
ple would be destroyed, but law and order would be impossible. 

Regarding each contention independently and without con- 
sideration of the other, might it not be said that each was right? 

I say this with no purpose to reopen an argument which has 
been removed from the region of discussion by the most conclu- 
sive of all arbitraments, but only in a spirit of historic criticism 
and a natural desire to offer such vindication of the conduct of 
my own comrades as I think it deserves. Nor can justice be 
fully rendered the dead men of both the contending hosts who 
are buried upon this field unless the motives which impelled 
them to the sacrifice are rightly and distinctly understood. They 
were in no sense mercenary soldiers or military adventurers; 
they were not the instruments with which greed or ambition 
wages war; they were patriots in the noblest meaning of the 
appellation, who, on each side, fought to assert a principle and 
maintain a right. I believe that posterity will acquit of all 
blame the soldier who in such a contest fell beneath his flag, no 
matter whether the breast which was pierced by the bullet was 
clad in the blue or the gray. I believe, also, that the experience 
of that conflict, however much we may regret it, has been pro- 
ductive of benefit in many ways. It has taught us wisdom we 
could have acquired in no other school, has warned us effectually 
against future strife, and has made us a nation the like of which 
the world has never seen before. With Ibis conviction. T can 
eulogize these dead heroes whom you are here to honor, if not 
in the same affectionate spirit. a1 least as sincerely as yon do 



— 121 — 

yourselves ; aye, and can be grateful for the example they have 
furnished the youth of our country. 

Remembering, then, my friends, that we are and must remain 
one people, with a Union we all love, a flag we will all defend, 
a common glory and a joint inheritance, we can stand with rev- 
erence around these graves and honor the men who died for the 
land of which all our children shall be citizens. 



America. 

Samuel F. Smith. 
Miss Fawcett, Mrs. E. R. Pucki.ev, and the Audience. 

My country, 'tis of thee. 
Sweet land of liberty. 

Of thee I sing; 
Land where my fathers died, 
Land of the Pilgrims" pride, 
From every mountain-side 

Let freedom ring. 

My native country, thee. 
Land of the noble free, 

Thy nam!- I love: 
I love thy rocks and rills. 
Thy woods and templed hills: 
.My heart with rapture thrills 

Like that above. 

Let music swell the breeze, 
And ring from all the trees, 

Sweet freedom's song; 
Let mortal tongues awake. 
Let all that breathe partake. 
Let rocks their silence break, 

The sound prolong. 

Our father's God, to Thee, 
Author of Liberty, 

To Thee we sing. 
Long may our land be bright 
With freedom's holy light; 
Protect ns by Thy might, 

Great God, our King. 



Benediction. 
By the Rev. W. D. Dtnn. 

We thank Thee, our Heavenly Father, for the goodness and 
mercy Thou hast extended to us. We thank Thee for this day, 
with its blessings and opportunities. We thank Thee for tins 
good weather. Bless this great and forever reunited Nation. 
Bless these brethren and sisters: help them to live for Jesus. 
May they have a pleasant and sate voyage back to their homes; 
and at last save us in heaven. The grace of the Lord Jesus 
Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy 
Ghost, be with yon all. Amen. 




MRS. MAKY ANN BALL IM( K KKDVKK. 



known tlirnlll 



d army nurse in the Army of Hie Tennessee, 
thai army as "Mother Bickerdyke." 



127 



What the Shiloh National Military Park Commission Has 
Done Since Its Organization. 

Under the provisions of the act of Congress to establish the 
Shiloh National Military Park, approved December 27, 1894, the 
Secretary of War appointed as Commissioners : Colonel Cor- 
nelius Cadle, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for Army of the Tennessee, 
Chairman ; General Don Carlos Buell, of Paradise, Ky., for 
Army of the Ohio ; Colonel Robert F. Looney, of Memphis, 
Tenn., for Army of the Mississippi; Major D. W. Reed, of Chi- 
cago, 111., Secretary and Historian, and Captain James W. Irwin, 
of Savannah, Tenn., agent for the purchase of land. 

The Commission met and organized April 2, 1895, at Pitts- 
burg Landing, Tenn., and at once entered upon the discharge of 
its duties under the direction of the Secretary of War. Mr. 
James M. Riddell was appointed Clerk of the Commission. 

Mr. Atwell Thompson, civil engineer, of Chattanooga, Tenn., 
was employed to take charge of the work. Under his direction 
surveys were made and parallel lines run across the field from 
north to south, every 200 feet, upon which stakes were set 200 
feet apart. From this survey levels were taken and a contour 
topographical map made of all the land within the limits of the 
park. 

General Don Carlos Buell died on November 19, 1898, and 
Major J. H. Ashcraft, late of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky Vol- 
unteers, was appointed in his place. 

Colonel Robert F. Looney died on November 19, 1899, and 
Colonel Josiah Patterson, late of the First Alabama Cavalry, 
was appointed in his place. 

Colonel Josiah Patterson died Fehrua^v 12. 1904. and General 
Basil W. Duke, of Louisville, Ky.. was appointed in his place. 

From official maps and reports, information received from 
residents, personal recollection* of survivors of the battle, and 
other information, roads, field* and camps were restored, battle 
lines and positions of troops located and sbown on the map and 
marked by historical tablets on the ground. Four maps have 



been made which show the field of operations, the approaches 
to Shiloh, and a map of each day's battle. Copies of these maps 
accompany this report. 

The Shiloh National Military Park contains about 3,500 to 
3,600 acres of land, traversed by about twenty-five miles of mac- 
adamized roads, with paved ditches, stone or concrete bridges 
and culverts with head walls, which have been constructed at a 
cost of $83,983.18 to date of Commissioners' last report, August 
31, 1906. 

Dead trees have been cut away and replaced by young trees 
and the underbrush has been cut out and is kept cut out yearly, 
so that the whole has the appearance of a well-kept, beautiful 
park, which in truth it is in every respect. 

The United States Government has erected five mortuary 
monuments to Wallace, Peabody and Raith (Union), Johnston 
and Gladden (Confederate). They are of the same design, ex- 
cept that of "Wallace, and are placed where the respective officers 
fell. There have also been erected by the United States, head- 
quarters monuments, all of the same design, at the places where 
five division — McClernand, W. H. L. Wallace, Hurlbut. Sher- 
man, and Prentiss — and nine brigade — Hare, Ross, Tuttle, Mr- 
Arthur, Sweeny, Veatch, McDowell, Stuart and Peabody — 
headquarters Avere located. 

There are 226 guns mounted in the park, all in positions 
where batteries fought on both days and on both sides. They 
are mounted on cast-iron carriages, the trails and wheels being 
placed on concrete foundations. These guns mark 127 Union 
■•Hid !)!) Confederate battery positions. Iron tablets planted into 
cement foundations have been erected, showing 226 Union and 
171 Confederate positions, with appropriate legends thereon. 

In addition to these there are erected 254 more iron tablets, 
divided as follows: Union camp tablets, *'■'> ; general historical 
tablets, 2f) : brigade headquarters tablets. 9; explanatory tablets, 
iU law tablets, 6; iron road siens. 00; grave markers, 35; grand 
total of iron tablets, sitrns and markers, 651, all of a permanent 
nature. In addition to these, the Government is about to erect 
one monument to each arm of the service in commemoration of 
the Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery of the United Spiles Army 
participating in the battle, an appropriation of $6,000 having 



been made by the Congress of the United States for that pur- 
pose. 

The remains of Union soldiers were taken up and placed in 
the National Cemetery, located on the bank of the Tennessee 
River, overlooking the same for many miles. It is a most beau- 
tiful, well-kept, but sorrowful, spot, with its 3,617 graves staring 
.you in the face, of which 2,377 are marked "Unknown." 

The remains of Confederate soldiers were, immediately after 
the battle, placed in five large common graves on the battlefield, 
and have since been properly surrounded by concrete walls and 
coping, and have been appropriately marked. These bodies 
have never been disturbed. 

The history of Shiloh campaign and battle, which we deem 
necessary to publish in this book, was compiled by Major D. W. 
Reed, the Secretary and Historian of the Shiloh National Mili- 
tary Park Commission, who has given this work the most careful 
research and labor. He has spared no pains to ascertain the 
truth, and has presented it fairly and squarely, and this report 
of the campaign and battle of Shiloh stands today for all time 
as the true official version thereof. 

To Major D. W. Reed, personally, the Wisconsin Shiloh Mon- 
ument Commissioners are indebted more than they can here 
express. From the very beginning of our work he has been 
patient, helpful and courteous, and has done everything in his 
power to help put us right and to lighten our labors. We ren- 
der him this tribute out of the fullness of our hearts. 

What the Several States Have Done. 

Illinois has erected one State monument, one cavalry monu- 
ment and one monument to each of its organizations (which lat- 
ter are of one design) participating in the battle, a total of forty 
monuments, of which we take pleasure in presenting some views 
herein. 

Ohio has erected thirty-four monuments, one for each Ohio 
organization engaged in the battle, all being of granite and all 
being of different design. We present some of them on accom- 
panying plates herein. 

Indiana has erected twenty-two monuments, all of one design, 
for the arm of service they represent, and. of course, inscribed 



with proper legends and dedicated to each organization which 
had foughl in the battle. We present some for the information 
of readers. 

Iowa erected the most conspicuous State monument upon the 
ground, as well as one monument to each of the organizations 
from thai State participating in the battle, a total of twelve 
monuments. The organization monuments are of one pattern. 
We take great pleasure in showing what our neighboring State 
has done. 

Pennsylvania erected a very beautiful monument, of which 
we produce a picture, for the Seventy-seventh Infantry, the 
only regiment from that State in the battle of Shiloh. 

Minnesota had but one organization engaged in the battle of 
Shiloh. but has erected a very handsome monument within sight 
of the Wisconsin monument. 

Tennessee is represented by one monument, erected, as we un- 
derstand, by private subscription. It is neat and appropriate. 
and does the donors great credit. We take great pleasure to 
here present it to readers. 

Alabama is represented by one monument, the gift of the Ala- 
bama Society of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and 
we present ;i picture thereof. It does the "Daughters" credit. 

We are under obligations, and here tender our thanks to. the 
Illinois and Ohio Commissioners and to the St. Louis and Ten- 
nessee River Packet Company for the loan of some of their 
plates used by us in this book. 

There is a grand total of one hundred and fourteen monu- 
ments now erected in memory of troops of various States who 
participated in this battle, one of the most sanguinary, if not 
the most sanguinary, of the War of the Rebellion. It is to be 
hoped that eventually all States having troops in that battle 
will do their memory justice by erecting monuments to them. 



138 




MAJOR GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 



139 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle. 

By Major D. \V. Reed, 

Secretary and Historian of Shiloh National Military Park Co 



Field of Operations.* 

On the 1st day of January, 1862, General Albert Sidney John- 
ston was in command of all the Confederate forces of Tennessee 
and Kentucky. His troops occupied a line of defense extend- 
ing from Columbus, Ky., through Forts Henry and Donelson to 
Bowling Green. Ky., where General Johnston had his headquar- 
ters. 

General H. W. Halleek at that date commanded the Depart- 
ment of the Missouri, with headquarters at St. Louis, and Gen- 
eral D. C. Buell commanded the Department of the Ohio, with 
headquarters at Louisville. Ky. The Cumberland River formed 
the boundary separating the Departments of the Missouri and 
the Ohio. 

Various plans had been canvassed by Generals Halleek and 
Buell, participated in by the general-in -chief, for an attack upon 
the Confederate line. General Halleek had asked to have Gen- 
eral Buell's army transferred to him, or at least placed under 
his command, claiming that without such union and an army of 
at least 60,000 men under one commander, it would be impossible 
to break the well-established lines of General Johnston. f 

Before such union could be effected, and before General Hal- 
leek had received a reply to his request. General Grant asked for 
and received permission to attack the line at Fort Henry on the 
Tennessee River.ij: Assisted by the gunboat fleet of Commodore 
Foote. Grant captured Fort Henry on the 6th of February, and 
then moving upon Fort Donelson captured that place with 15,000 
prisoners on the 16th. The loss of these forts broke General 
Johnston's line at its center and compelled him to evacuate Col- 



* See map of field of operations. 

fNo. 8 War Records, pp. 508-510. Reference to War Records will 
be given by serial numbers, 10 War Records being volume in- 11 War 
Records being part 2 of volume 10. 

$1 Grant, p. 287. 



umbus and Bowling Green, abandon Tennessee and Kentucky 
to the Union Army and seek a new line of defense on the Mem- 
phis and Charleston Railroad. 

General Halleck was displeased with Grant because he sent a 
division of troops into Buell's department at Clarksville.* This 
displeasure was increased when he learned that General Grant 
bad gone to Nashville for consultation with General Buell. Hal- 
leck directed the withdrawal of Smith's division from Clarksville. 
suspended General Grant from command, and ordered him to 
Fort Henry to await orders. f He then placed General C. P. 
Smith in command of all the troops, with orders to proceed up 
the Tennessee River and to make an effort to break the Con- 
federate line on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad at some 
place near Florence. $ 

General Smith's advance reached Savannah, Tenn., March 13, 
1862. Having determined to make that point his base of opera- 
tions, he landed the troops that accompanied his advance and 
sent boats back for supplies and the remainder of his army. 

General W. T. Sherman had organized a division of new troops 
while he was in command at Paducah. With these he was or- 
dered to report to General Smith. He reached Savannah on the 
14th of March and was ordered by General Smith to proceed up 
the river to some point near Eastport, and from there make an 
attempt to break the Memphis & Charleston Railroad in the 
vicinity of Burnsville, Miss.§ 

Previous to this time a gunboat fleet had passed up the Ten- 
nessee River as far as Florence. At Pittsburg Landing this fleet 
encountered a small force of Confederates consisting of the 
Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry, Gibson 's battery of artillery, and 
some cavalry. The gunboats shelled the position and drove away 
the Confederates. A bursting shell set fire to and destroyed one 
of the three buildings at the landing. The fleet proceeded up the 
river to Florence, and on its return landed a small party at Pitts- 
burg Landing to investigate. This party found a dismounted 
32-pounder gun on the river bluff, and, about one mile out, a hos- 
pital eontaining several Confederate soldiers that had been 
wounded a few days before in the engagement with the fleet. 



*Halleck's telegram to Ciilhim, March 1, 1862. 
til War Records . p. 2. 

t 7 War Records, p. fi~4: 11 War Records, p. 
§ 10 War Records, p. 22. 



Near the hospital a Confederate picket post stopped their ad- 
vance and the party returned to the boats. 

In the report made by the officer in command of this naval 
expedition is found the first mention of Pittsburg Landing, that 
little hamlet on the Tennessee River so soon to become historic. 

When General Sherman's command was passing Pittsburg 
Landing, Lieutenant Gwin, of the United States gunboat Tyler, 
pointed out to General Sherman the position that had been occu- 
pied by the Confederate battery, and informed him that there 
was a good road from that point to Corinth. That it was, in fact, 
the landing place for all goods shipped by river to and from 
Corinth. General Sherman at once reported these facts to Gen- 
eral Smith, and asked that the place be occupied in force while 
the demonstration was being made against Burnsville. In com- 
pliance with this request, General Hurlbut's division was at 
once dispatched by boats to Pittsburg Landing. 

General Sherman proceeded up the river and landed his divi- 
sion at the mouth of Yellow Creek, a feAv miles below Eastport, 
and made an attempt to march to Burnsville. Heavy rains and 
high water compelled his return to the boats. Finding no other 
accessible landing place, he dropped down to Pittsburg Landing, 
where he found Hurlbut's division on boats. 

Sherman reported to General Smith that Eastport was occu- 
pied in force by the Confederates, and that Pittsburg Landing 
was the first point below Eastport that was above water, so that 
a landing of troops could lie made. He was directed to disem- 
bark his division and Hurlbut's and put them in camp far 
enough back to afford room for the other divisions of the army 
to encamp near the river. 

On the 16th of March Sherman landed a part of his division, 
and, accompanied by Colonel McPherson, of General Halleck's 
staff, marched out as far as Monterey, eleven miles, dispersing a 
Confederate cavalry camp. Returning to the river, he spent two 
days in disembarking his troops and selecting camps, and on the 
19th moved out and put his troops into the positions to which 
he had assigned them, about two and one-half miles from the 
landing. 

Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee River, 
eight miles above Savannah, was at that time simply a landing 
place for steamboats trading along the river. Its high bluff, at 



— 142 — 

Least eighty feel above the water at its highest flood, afforded a 
safe place for the deposits of products unloaded from or to be 
Loaded upon the boats. From this landing a good ridge road ran 
southwesterly to Corinth. Miss., twenty-two miles away. One 
mile out from the river the Corinth road crossed another road 
running north and south, parallel with the river, and connecting 
Savannah below with Hamburg, four miles above Pittsburg 
Landing. One quarter of a mile beyond this crossing the Cor- 
inth road forked, the part known as Eastern Corinth road run- 
ning nearly south until it intersected the Bark road, three miles 
from the river. 

The other, or main road, running due west from the fork, 
crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road two miles from the river, 
and then turning southwest, passed Shiloh Church just two and 
one-half miles from the river. At a point five miles out this 
main road intersected the Bark road at the southwest corner of 
what is now the lands of the Shiloh National Military Park. The 
Bark road, running nearly due east to Hamburg, forms the 
southern boundary of the park. 

On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, which 
has its rise near Monterey, and empties into the Tennessee about 
two miles above Pittsburg Landing. North of the main Corinth 
road, and at an average of about one mile from it, is Owl Creek, 
which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the 
point where the Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties 
into the Tennessee River about one mile below Pittsburg Land- 
ing. 

All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and 
are, in the spring of the year, practically impassable, and in 
April. 1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places 
where bridges were maintained. These streams therefore formed 
an excellent protection against an attack upon either flank of an 
army encamped between them. The general surface of the land 
along the Corinth road is about on the same level, but is cut up 
on either side by deep ravines and water courses leading into 
the creeks. In many of these ravines are running streams with 
the usual marshy margins. 

In 1862 this plateau was covered with open forest with fre- 
quent thick undergrowth and an occasional clearing of a few 
acres surrounding the farmhouse of the owner. 




Pennsylvania State Monument. 



Sherman selected grounds for his division camps just behind 
a stream called Shiloh Branch, McDowell's brigade on the right, 
with his right on Owl Creek at the bridge where the Hamburg 
and Purdy road crosses the creek. Buckland's brigade next in 
line to the left, with his left at Shiloh Church. Hildebrand's 
brigade to the left of the church. Stuart's brigade, detached 
from others, to the extreme left of the line at the point where 
the Savannah and Hamburg and the Purdy and Hamburg roads 
unite just before they cross Lick Creek. 

Hurlbut's division formed its camp one mile in rear of Sher- 
man's, near the crossing of the Corinth and the Hamburg and 
Savannah roads. 

On the 11th day of March the Departments of the Missouri 
and the Ohio were consolidated under the name of the Depart- 
ment of the Mississippi, and Major General H. W. Halleck was 
assigned to the command, giving him from that date the con- 
trol he had sought— of both armies then operating in Tennessee. 
General Smith, about the time of his arrival at Savannah, had 
received an injury to his leg while stepping from a gunboat into 
a yawl. This injury, apparently insignificant at first, soon took 
such serious form that the General was obliged to relinquish 
command of the troops, and General Grant was restored to duty 
and ordered by General Halleck to repair to Savannah and take 
command of the troops in that vicinity. Upon his arrival at 
Savannah, March 17, General Grant found his army divided, a 
part on either side of the Tennessee River. He at once reported 
to General Halleck* the exact situation, and in answer was di- 
rected to "destroy the railroad connections at Corinth." f 

To carry out this order General Grant transferred the remain- 
der of his army, except a small garrison for Savannah, to the 
west side of the river, concentrating the First, Second, Fourth 
and Fifth divisions at Pittsburg Landing, and the Third at 
Crump's Landing, six miles below. General McClernand with 
the First Division formed his camp in rear of Sherman's right 
brigades. General W. H. L. Wallace, commanding the Second 
Division, encamped to the right of Hnrlbut, between Corinth 
road and Snake Creek. A new division, the Sixth, just organiz- 

*H War Records, p. 43. 
til War Records, p. 46. 



ing under General Prentiss out of new troops, went into camp 
as Hie regiments arrived between Hildebrand's and Stuart's bri- 
gades of Sherman's division, its .-enter on the eastern Corinth 
toad. General Lew Wallace, commanding the Third Division, 
placed his fii'sl brigade at Crump's, his second brigade at Stony 
Lonesome, and his third brigade at Adamsville, five miles out on 
the Purdy road. 

On March 10 General Halleck wrote General McClellan: "I 
propose going to the Tennessee in a few days to take personal 
command."* Pending his arrival at the front, his orders to 
Smith, to Sherman and to Grant were: "My instructions not 
to bring on an engagement must be strictly obeyed ;"f but when 
informed by General Grant that the contemplated attack upon 
Corinth would make a general engagement inevitable, Halleck at 
once ordered, "By all means keep your forces together until yon 
connect with General Buell. Don't let the enemy draw you into 
an engagement now."i To this General Grant replied: "All 
troops have been concentrated near Pittsburg Landing. No 
movement of troops will be made except to advance Sherman to 
Pea Ridge. "§ Sherman made a reconnoissance toward Pea 
Ridge March 24 and drove some cavalry across Lick Creek. He 
bivouacked at Chambers' plantation that night and returned to 
camp next morning. 

On the 31st, with two regiments of infantry, a section of artil- 
lery and a company of cavalry. Sherman went up to Eastport. 
Finding the Confederate works there and at Chickasaw, aban- 
doned, he sent his scouts toward Iuka. Confederate cavalry was 
encountered, and the command returned to Pittsburg Landing. 

The Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major General U. 
S. Grant, was, on the 5th of April. 1862, composed of six divi- 
sions. The First, commanded by Major General John A. Mc- 
Clernand ; the Second, by Brigadier General W. H. L. Wallace ; 
the Third, by Major General Lew Wallace ; the Fourth, by Briga- 
dier General S. A. Hurlbut ; the Fifth, by Brigadier General W. 
T. Sherman, and the Sixth, by Brigadier General B. M. Prentiss. 
Generals McClernand, C. F. Smith and Lew Wallace had been 



*11 War Records, p. 24. 

t 7 War Records, p. 074: 10 War Records, p. 2.">: 11 War Records, p. 
41. 
til War Records, pp. 50, ">1 . 
§ 11 War Records, p. 57. 



promoted major generals March 21, 1862. Official notice of such 
promotion was sent to General Grant by General Halleck from 
St. Louis April 5.* Previous to this notice of promotion the 
order of rank of the brigadiers was as follows : Sherman, Mc- 
Clernand, Hurlbut, Prentiss, C. F. Smith, Lew Wallace, W. H. 
L. Wallace. General Smith, until relieved by General Grant, 
March 17, was in command by order of General McClellan.f 

The camps of Sherman and Prentiss formed the front line 
about two and one-half miles from Pittsburg Landing and ex- 
tended in a semicircle from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek 
on the left. One company from each regiment was advanced as 
a picket one mile in front of regimental camps. 

By the official returns of April 5, 1862, there were, in the five 
divisions of the Army of the Tennessee at Pittsburg Landing, 
present for duty, infantry, artillery and cavalry, officers and men, 
39,830; in the Third Division, at Crump's Landing, present for 
duty, officers and men, 7,564. 

On the evening of the 5th the advance of General Buell 's army 
arrived at Savannah, and in one day more would have united 
with the Army of the Tennessee, ready for the advance on Cor- 
inth, as contemplated and announced in General Halleck 's pro- 
gram. 

"When General Johnston withdrew his army from Kentucky 
and Tennessee, after the fall of Fort Donelson, he established his 
new line of operations along the Memphis and Charleston Rail- 
road with his right at Chattanooga and his left on the Mississippi 
at Fort Pillow. On this line he was reinforced by Generals Polk 
and Beauregard from Columbus and West Tennessee, and by 
General Bragg from Pensacola and Mobile, and had ordered Van 
Dorn from Little Rock, Ark., to report with his army at Corinth, 
Miss. As early as March 9 General Ruggles was placed in com- 
mand at Corinth and was ordered to put his troops in marching 
order and to commence a line of intrenchments around the town. 

On the 29th of March General Johnston issued a general or- 
der consolidating the armies of Kentucky and Mississippi and 
some independent commands into the Army of the Mississippi, 
of which he assumed the command, naming General G. T. Beaure- 



w ll War Records, p. 94. 
til War Records, p. 82. 



gard as second in command and Major General Braxton Bragg 
as chief of staff. Subsequently he organized his army into four 
corps. The First Corps, commanded by Major General Leonidas 
Polk; the Second Corps, commanded by Major General Braxton 
Bragg ; the Third Corps, commanded by Major General W. J. 
Hardee, and the Reserve Corps, commanded by Brigadier Gen- 
eral J. C. Breckinridge. 

One division of the First Corps, Cheatham's, was at Bethel 
and Purdy; a brigade of the Second Corps was at Monterey; 
the Reserve Corps at Burnsville ; the cavalry nearer the Union 
lines. All other troops concentrated at Corinth.* 

General Johnston had been depressed by the censure of the 
Southern press, and as late as March 18 offered to relinquish the 
command of the army to General Beauregard. Reassured by ex- 
pressions of confidence by Mr. Davis, he resolved to retain com- 
mand and, if possible, to regain the confidence of the people by 
taking the offensive and attacking Grant's army at Pittsburg 
Landing, hoping to defeat that army before it could be rein- 
forced by General Buell. 

Hearing that General Buell was nearing Savannah, General 
Johnston determined to attack at once, without waiting the ar- 
rival of Van Dorn. Accordingly, on the 3d of April he issued 
orders for the forward movement, directing his army to move by 
the several roads and concentrate at Mickey's, eight miles from 
Pittsburg Landing, so as to be ready to attack at sunrise on the 
morning of the 5th. Heavy rains, bad roads and the delays in- 
cident to marching large columns with wagon trains and artillery 
over muddy roads, prevented the assembly of the army at 
Mickey's until nearly night of the 5th. It was then determined 
to delay the attack until daylight next morning. 

The aggregate present for duty, officers and men of the Con- 
federate Army, infantry, artillery and cavalry, assembled at 
Mukcy's April 5, 1862, as shown by official reports, was 43,968. 

This army General Johnston put in line of battle and bivou- 
acked Saturday night in the following order: Major General 
Hardee's corps on the first or advanced line, with Cleburne's bri- 
gade on the left, its left flank at Widow Howell's, near Winning- 
ham Creek. Wood's brigade next to the right, with his right on 



See map of Territory between Pittsburg Landing ami < '< 



149 — 




Tennessee Monument. 




Alabama State Monument. 



— 153 — 

the main Pittsburg and Corinth road, and just in rear of the 
Woods field. Shaver's brigade on right of Pittsburg and Cor- 
inth road, extending the line nearly to Bark road. As Hardee's 
line thus deployed did not occupy all the space to Lick Creek, as 
desired. Gladden 's brigade from "Wither 's division of Second 
Corps was added to Hardee's right, extending the line across 
Bark road. 

Major General Bragg 's corps was deployed 800 yards in rear 
of the first line, with Ruggles' division on the left and Withers * 
division on the right, in the following order of brigades from left 
tc right: Pond, Anderson, Gibson, Jackson and Chalmers. This 
second line overlapped the first and extended beyond Hardee's 
on both flanks, Jackson's left flank resting on the Bark road. 

The corps of Generals Polk and Breckinridge were formed in 
column by brigades in rear of the second line. Wharton's and 
Brewer's cavalry were on the left flank, guarding the roads to- 
ward Stantonville. Clanton's cavalry was on the right front; 
Avery's, Forrest's and Adams' cavalry at Greer's Ford on Lick 
Creek. Other cavalry organizations were attached to the dif- 
ferent corps. 

General Johnston's headquarters were established at the forks 
of the Bark and Pittsburg roads. 

Pickets were sent out from the first line. The Third Missis- 
sippi, commanded by Major Hardcastle, was on such duty in 
front of Wood's brigade, his reserve post at the corner where 
Wood's and Fraley's fields join. 



The Battle* 

During the Confederate advance from Monterey on the 3d 
there had been skirmishing between the cavalry of the two ar- 
mies, and on the 4th one of Buckland's picket posts was captured. 
Buekland sent out two companies in pursuit of the captors. 
These companies were attacked and surrounded by Confederate 
cavalry, but were rescued by Buekland coming to their relief 
with his whole regiment. On Saturday Generals Prentiss and 
Sherman each sent out reconnoitering parties to the front. Nei- 
ther of these parties developed the enemy in force, but reported 
such evidences of cavalry that pickets of both divisions were 
doubled, and General Prentiss, being still apprehensive of attack, 
sent out at 3 o'clock Sunday morning three companies of the 
Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major Powell of that regiment, to 
again reconnoiter well to the front. 

Major Powell marched to the right and front, passing between 
the Rhea and Seay fields, and at 4:55 a. m. struck Hardcastle's 
pickets and received their fire. The fire was returned by Powell 
and a sharp engagement Avas had 1 etween these outposts, con- 
tinuing, as Hardcastle says, one hour and a half, until 6:30 a. 
m., when he saw his brigade formed in his rear and fell back to 
his place in line. 

Wood's brigade, advancing, drove Powell back to the Seay 
field, where he was reinforced by four companies of the Six- 
teenth Wisconsin, that had been < n picket near by, and by five 
companies of the Twenty-first Missouri under Colonel Moore, 
who at once took command and sent back to camp for the re- 
mainder of his regiment. 

This force, fighting and retreating slowly, was reinforced at 
southeast corner of the Rhea field by all of Peabody's brigade. 
Peabody succeeded in holding the Confederates in check until 
about 8 o'clock, when he fell back to the line of his camp, closely 
followed by Shaver's brigade and the right of Wood's brigade. 

While Peabody's brigade was thus engaged, General Prentiss 
had advanced Miller's brigade to the south side of Spain field, 
and placed Hickenlooper's battery to the left and Munch 's bat- 
tery to the rigid of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position 



So,- maps of first mid sec »nd flays 



he was attacked by Gladden 's brigade and by the left of Chalm- 
ers' brigade, that had advanced to the front line. These Con- 
federate brigades, after a stubborn fight, in which Gladden was 
mortally wounded, drove Miller back to his line of camps at the 
same time that Peabody was driven back to his. In their several 
camps Prentiss formed his regiments again and was vigorously 
attacked by Gladden 's and Shaver's brigades, assisted on their 
left by a part of "Wood's brigade and on the right by Chalmers'. 

At 9 o 'clock Prentiss was driven from his second position with 
the loss of the entire division camp, two guns of Hickenlooper's 
battery, and many killed and wounded left on the field. Among 
the killed was Colonel Peabody, the commander of the First 
Brigade of Prentiss' division. 

While the right of Hardee's line was engaged with Prentiss, 
his left had attacked the brigades of Hildebrand and Buckland, 
of Sherman's division. These brigades had formed in line in 
front of their camps and behind Shiloh Branch, with Barrett's 
battery at Shiloh Church, and Waterhouse's battery to the left, 
behind the camp of the Fifty-third Ohio. The Third Brigade of 
McClernand's division was brought up and formed in support 
of Sherman's left flank and of Waterhouse's battery. In the 
Confederate advance the left of Wood's brigade had been slightly 
engaged with the Fifty-third Ohio, which easily gave way, when 
Wood obliqued to the right, to avoid Waterhouse's battery, and, 
following Prentiss, passed the left flank of Hildebrand 's brigade, 
then left-wheeled to the attack of McClernand's Third Brigade. 
Cleburne's brigade, in attempting to cross the marshy ground of 
Shiloh Branch, received the concentrated fire of the Third and 
Fourth brigades of Sherman's division, and after two or three 
unsuccessful efforts to dislodge them, in which his regiments lost 
very heavily— the Sixth Mississippi having over 70 per cent 
killed and wounded — he was obliged to give place to Anderson's 
brigade of Bragg 's corps, which was in like manner repulsed 
with severe loss. Johnson's and Russell's brigades of Polk's 
corps now came up together. Russell on the right, overlapping 
Sherman 's left, and Johnson to the left across the Corinth road. 
The reorganized parts of the brigades of Cleburne and Anderson 
joining Russell and Johnson, the four brigades, assisted by 
Wood's brigade, advanced, and at 10 o'clock drove Sherman's 
two brigades and the Third Brigade of McClernand's division 



— 156 — 

back across the Purdy road with the loss of three guns of Water- 
house's battery and of the camps of the three brigades. During 
the contest Confederate Generals Clark, commanding a division, 
and Johnson, commanding a brigade, were severely wounded, and 
Colonel Raith, commanding McClernand's Third Brigade, was 
mortally wounded. The capture of the three guns of Water- 
house's battery is claimed by the Thirteenth Tennessee of Rus- 
sell's brigade, and General Polk seems to concede the claim, 
though it appears that several regiments were attacking the bat- 
tery from the front when the Thirteenth Tennessee moved by the 
right flank and approaching the battery from its left rear, 
reached it before those from the front. General Vaughan, of 
the Thirteenth Tennessee, says that when his regiment reached 
these guns a dead Union officer lay near them, and keeping guard 
over his body was a pointer dog that refused to allow the Con- 
federates to approach the body. 

Pond's brigade of Bragg 's corps had engaged McDowell's bri- 
gade, in conjunction with Anderson's attack on Buckland, and 
had succeeded in gaining the bridge at McDowell's right flank, 
but had not become seriously engaged when Sherman ordered 
McDowell to retire and form junction with his Third and 
Fourth brigades, which were then falling back from Shiloh 
Church. McDowell therefore abandoned his camp to Pond with- 
out a contest. 

After the capture of Prentiss' camps Chalmers' and Jackson's 
brigades from Bragg 's corps were ordered to the right to attack 
the extreme left of the Union line. Preceded by Clanton's cav- 
alry, these brigades moved by the flank down the Bark road un- 
til the head of the column was at the swampy grounds of Lick 
Creek, then forming Line of battle and placing Gage's and Gir- 
ardey's batteries upon the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek 
they compelled Stuart, who was without artillery, to leave his 
camp and form his lines to left and rear in the timber. Here he 
held Chalmers in a fierce tight until about 2 o'clock, when he 
fell hack to the landing, abandoning the last of Sherman's 
camps. Jackson's attack, as he came across the creek, fell upon 
McArthur's brigade, consisting of the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois, 
supported on the left by the Fiftieth Illinois and by Willard's 
battery in the rear, McArthur, in a stubborn contest in which 
the Ninth Illinois lost 60 per cent of the men engaged, held his 




Iowa State Monument. 



ground until Jackson was reinforced by Bowen's brigade of 
Breckinridge's corps, when McArthur fell back. 

When Sherman and Prentiss discovered that they were being 
attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reinforcements 
from the divisions in their rear. 

McClernand sent his third brigade to reinforce Sherman's left, 
and Schwartz's battery to assist Buckland. He then formed his 
First and Second brigades along the Pittsburg road in front of 
his headquarters; Marsh's brigade, with Burrow's battery on the 
right : Hare 's brigade to the left behind the Review field ; Mc- 
Allister 's battery at the northwest corner of said field, and Dres- 
ser's battery at "Water Oaks Pond. On this line the Third Bri- 
gade rallied when it fell back from Sherman's line. 

Veatch's brigade of Hurlbut's division was sent to reinforce 
McClernand and formed behind Burrows' battery. Hurlbut 
marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and formed 
line of battle with Williams' brigade facing south and Lauman's 
brigade facing west. The batteries — Mann's. Ross' and Myers' 
— all in the field behind the infantry. 

W. If. L. Wallace's First Brigade, commanded by Colonel Tut- 
tle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on the 
east side of the Duncan field in an old sunken road. McArthur 's 
brigade was disunited. The Eighty-first Ohio and the Four- 
teenth Missouri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; 
the Thirteenth Missouri to reinforce McDowell's brigade, and Mc- 
Arthur. in person, with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and Wil- 
lard's battery, went to the support of Stuart and formed on his 
right rear and at the left of Hurlbut's division, just east of the 
Peach Orchard. Of Sweeny's brigade, the Seventh and Fifty- 
eighth Illinois formed on Turtle's right, connecting it with Mc- 
( 'lei nand's left. The Fiftieth Illinois was sent to McArthur. 
The other regiments were held in reserve until about noon, when 
the Eighth Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to fill a gap between 
Wallace and Prentiss. The Fifty-seventh Illinois went to the 
extreme left, and the Fifty-second Illinois reported to McCler- 
nand at his sixth position just east of Tilghman Creek. Batter- 
ies D, IT and K, First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along 
the ridge in rear of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division. 
not over 800 men, on Hurlbut's right, connecting it with Wal- 
lace's left. 
11 



— 162 — 

In the early morning General Grant, at Savannah, heard the 
firing and directed General Nelson, of the Army of the Ohio, to 
march his division along the east hank of the Tennessee to the 
point opposite Pittsburg Landing. Then, leaving a recpiest for 
General Buell to hurry his troops forward as rapidly as possible, 
he hastened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at 
about the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he imme- 
diately dispatched orders to General Lew Wallace to bring his 
division to the battlefield. There has ever since been a dispute 
as to the terms of this order and the time of its delivery. It is 
admitted that General Wallace received an order, and that he 
started his command at about 12 o'clock by road leading into the 
Hamburg and Purdy road, west of the bridge over Owl Creek on 
the right of Sherman's camps. This bridge was abandoned by 
McDowell and held by the Confederates at 10 o'clock. An aide 
from General Grant overtook Wallace on this road about 3 o 'clock 
and turned him back to the Savannah and Hamburg, or river 
road by which he reached the battlefield about 7 o'clock p. m. 

In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning 
Gibson's brigade of Bragg 's corps had followed Shaver's brigade 
and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had separated 
Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade ; into this 
space Bragg directed Stephens' brigade, of Polk's corps, and it 
entered the line of camps in rear of Wood's brigade. Stewart's 
brigade, also of Polk's corps, was sent to the right, and entered 
the line of camps in rear of Gladden 's brigade. 

When Prentiss was driven back, General Johnston ordered his 
reserve into action by sending Trabue forward on the Pittsburg 
Landing road to Shiloh Church, while Bowen and Statham were 
moved down the Bark road and formed line of battle south of the 
Peach Orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing the line 
to where Gladden 's brigade, now commanded by Adams, was rest- 
ing near Prentiss' headquarters camp. 

Following the capture of the guns of Waterhouse's battery and 
the retreat of Sherman and Raith to the Purdy Road, Wood's 
and Shaver's brigades, with Swett's battery, were ordered to 
left wheel. Stewart's brigade was sent by left flank along the 
rear of Peabody's camp to Wood's left, where three of the regi- 
ments took their places in line, while the Fourth Tennessee, sup- 



— 163 — 

ported by the Twelfth Tennessee, from Russell's brigade, went 
into line between Wood's and Shaver's brigades. Stanford's 
battery took position in the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. 
Joining this force on its left were the somewhat disorganized 
brigades of Cleburne, Anderson, Johnson and Russell. General 
Polk was personally directing their movements, and led them f or- 
ward. without waiting for perfect organization, in pursuit of 
Sherman's retreating brigades. This combined force of seven 
brigades moved to the attack of McClernand and Sherman in 
their second position along the Pittsburg and Purdy road. The 
right of this attacking force, extending beyond McClernand 's 
left, became engaged with W. H. L. "Wallace's troops near Dun- 
can House, while Stephens' brigade of Polk's Corps engaged 
the left of Tuttle's brigade and Prentiss' division in the Hornets' 
Nest. At the same time Gladden 's brigade attacked Lauman 
on west side of the Peach Orchard. In these attacks Generals 
Hindman and Wood were disabled and the Confederates in front 
of Wallace, Prentiss and Lauman were repulsed. 

The attack upon McClernand and Sherman was successful, and 
drove these commands back to the center of Marsh's brigade 
camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand calls 
his third line, and then retired to the field at the right of that 
camp, to the fourth line. The Third and Fourth Brigades of 
Sherman's division retired from that part of the field, and his 
First Brigade, McDowell's, took position on McClernand 's right. 

In the repulse of McClernand from his second and third line 
he had lost Burrows ' entire battery of six guns, which was taken 
by Wood's brigade; also one gun of McAllister's battery, taken 
by the Fourth Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's battery 
and four guns of Dresser's battery. Part of these, perhaps all, 
are claimed by the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Tennessee. 

Rallying in camp of Hare's brigade, McClernand, with McDow- 
ell's brigade on his right, checked the Confederate advance, and 
then, by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, recovered his Sec- 
ond Brigade camp and his own headquarters, and captured Cobb 's 
Kentucky battery. McClernand gives the Eleventh Iowa and 
the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois the credit for the capture of 
this battery. In the forward movement the Sixth Iowa and the 
Forty-sixth Ohio, of McDowell's brigade, and Thirteenth Mis- 



souri, of Me Arthur's brigade, became engaged with Trabue's 
Confederate brigade in a fierce battle, of which Trabue says : 

The combat here was a severe one. I fought the enemy an hour and 
a quarter, killing and wounding 400 or oOO of the Forty-sixth Ohio In- 
fantry, as well as of another Ohio regiment, a Missouri regiment, and 
some Iowa troops. * * * I lost here many men and several officers. 

The number of killed, wounded and missing of the Forty-sixth 
Ohio at the battle of Shiloh, both days, was 246. But of the 
three regiments opposed to Trabue there were 510 killed, 
wounded and missing; most of them were doubtless lost in this 
conflict. So that Trabue may not have seriously erred in his 
statement. 

At the time that McClernand fell back from his second posi- 
tion General Stewart took command of AVood's and Shaver's 
brigades and with the Fourth Tennessee of bis own brigade 
moved to the right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and 
Prentiss. Meeting a eevere repulse, lie withdrew at 12 o'clock, 
with the Fourth Tennessee, to the assistance of the force in 
front of McClernand. At the same time Shaver's and Wood's 
brigades retired for rest and ammunition, and Stephens' brigade 
moved to the right and joined Breckinridge south of the Peach 
Orchard. 

General Bragg then brought up Gibson's brigade, which bad 
been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four separate 
charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. Gib- 
son's brigade was shattered in their useless charges, and retired 
from the field. While Bragg was directing these several move- 
ments. Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon 
McClernand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven him 
back once more to the camp of his First Brigade, where be main- 
tained his position until 2.30 p. m.. when be fell back across the 
valley of Tilghman Creek to bis sixth line, abandoning the last 
of his camps. 

About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten bis reserve 
in position south of the Peach Orchard, assumed personal com- 
mand of the rigb.1 wing of his army, and directed a combined 
forward movement, intending to break the Union left where 
Chalmers and Jackson bad been engaged since aboul 10 o'clock 
in an unsuccessful tight with Stuart and McArthur. Bowen's 
brigade was sent to support Jackson, and was closely followed. 



165 




en echelon to the left, by Statham's, Stephens' and Gladden 's 
brigades in an attack upon Hurlbnt in the Peach Orchard. 
Stuart, hard pressed by Chalmers and threatened on the flank 
by Clanton's cavalry, was. as we have seen, the first to yield, 
and falling back, left McArthur's flank exposed, compelling him 
and Hurlbnt to fall back to the north side of the Peach Orchard. 
As Hurlbnt 's First Brigade fell back. Lauman's brigade on its 
right was transferred to the left of the division in support of 
McArthur. Hurlbnt \s division as then formed stood at a right 
angle with the line of Prentiss and Wallace. 

At 2:30 p. m.. while personally directing the movements of 
his reserve, General Johnston was struck by a minie ball and 
almost instantly killed. The death of the Confederate com- 
mander-in chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flank until 
General Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the 
command at the center to General Ruggles, and repairing to the 
right, assumed command, and again ordered a forward move- 
ment. 

General Ruggles, having noted the ineffectual efforts of Bragg 
to break the Union center, determined to concentrate artillery 
upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batteries and a 
section — sixty-two guns — and placed them in position along the 
west side of the Duncan field and southeast of the RevieAV field. 
In support of these 1 latteries he brought up portions of the 
brigades of Gibson, Sbaver, AVood, Anderson and Stewart, with 
the Thirty-eighth Tennessee and Crescent regiment of Pond's 
brigade, and once more attacked the position so stubbornly held 
by Wallace and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty- 
two guns drove away the Union batteries, but was not able to 
rout the infantry from its sheltered position in the old road. 

AVilliam Preston Johnston, in "The Life of General Albert 

Sidney Johnston, gives this graphic description of the fighting 

at tbis point : 

This portion of the Federal line was occupied by Wallace's division 
and by the remnants of Prentiss' division. Here behind a dense thicket 
in; the crest of a hill was posted a strong force of as hardy troops as 
ever fought, almost perfectly protected by the conformation of the 
ground. To assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the 
fire of its batteries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by that 
very mild metaphor. "The Hornets' Nest." Xo figure of speech would 
be too strong to express the deadly peril of an assault upon this natural 
fortress, whose inaccessible barriers blazed for six hours with sheets 
of flame and whose infernal gates poured forth a murderous storm of 



— 168 — 

shot and shell and musketry fire which no living thing could quell or 
even withstand. Brigade after brigade was led against it, but valor 
was of no avail. Ilindman's brilliant brigades which had swept every- 
thing before them from the field were shivered into fragments and par- 
alyzed for the remainder of the day. Stewart's regiments made fruit- 
less assaults, but only to retire mangled from the field. Bragg now 
ordered up Gibson's splendid brigade; it made a charge, but. like the 
others, recoiled and fell back. Bragg sent orders to charge again. * 
* * Four times the position was charged. Four times the assault 
proved unavailing, the brigade was repulsed. About half past three 
o'clock the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful 
violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's corps, 
intermingled, were engaged in a death grapple with the sturdy com- 
mands of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General Ruggles judiciously 
collected all the artillery he could find, some eleven batteries, which lie 
massed against the position. The opening of so heavy a fire and the 
simultaneous advance of the whole Confederate line resulted first in 
confusion and then in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss 
at about half past 5 o'clock. Each Confederate commander of division, 
brigade, and regiment, as his command pounced upon the prey, be- 
lieved it entitled to the credit of the capture, Breckinridge, Ruggles, 
Withers, Cheatham, and other divisions which helped to subdue these 
stubborn fighters each imagined his own the hardest part of the work. 

Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands of 
the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his retreat 
across Tilghman Creek, and about 4 o'clock Hardee sent Pond 
with three of his regiments and Wharton's cavalry to attack the 
Union position upon the east side of this creek. In this attack 
the Confederates were repulsed with heavy loss, the Eighteenth 
Louisiana alone losing 42 per cent of those engaged. Pond re- 
tired to the west side of the creek and took no further part in 
the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, with some other de- 
tachments, renewed the attack, and at 4:30 p. m. succeeded in 
driving McClernand and Veatch back to the Hamburg road, 
then wheeled to the right against the exposed flank of W. H. L. 
Wallace's division. At the same time Bragg had forced back 
the Union left until McArthur and Hurlbut, seeing that they 
were in danger of being cut off from the Landing, withdrew 
their forces, letting the whole of Bragg's forces upon the rear 
of Prentiss and Wallace, while Polk and Hardee were attacking 
them on their right flank and Ruggles was pounding them from 
the front. Wallace attempted to withdraw by the right flank, 
but in passing the lines, closing behind him, he was mortally 
wounded. Colonel Tuttle with two of his regiments succeeded 
in passing the lines, while four of Wallace's regiments with the 
part of Prentiss' division were completely surrounded, and, 



— 169 — 

after an ineffectual effort to force their way back to the Land- 
ing, were compelled to surrender at 5 :30 p. m. The number of 
prisoners captured here and in previous engagements was 2,254 
men and officers, about an equal number from each division. 
General Prentiss and the mortally wounded General Wallace 
were both taken prisoners, but General "Wallace was left on the 
field and was recovered by his friends next day, and died at 
Savannah, Tenn., four clays later. 

During the afternoon Colonel Webster, chief of artillery, on 
General Grant's staff, had placed Madison's battery of siege 
guns in position about a quarter of a mile out from the Land- 
ing, and then, as the other batteries came back from the front, 
placed them in position to the right and left of the siege guns. 
Hurlbut's division as it came back was formed on the right of 
these guns; Stuart's brigade on the left; parts of Wallace's divi- 
sion and detached regiments formed in the rear and to the right 
of Hurlbut, connecting with McClernand's left. McClernand 
extended the line to the Hamburg and Savannah road and along 
that road to near McArthur's headquarters, where Buckland's 
brigade of Sherman's division, with three regiments of McAr- 
thur's brigade, were holding the right which covered the bridge 
by which General Lew. Wallace was to arrive on the field. 

About 5 o'clock Ammen's brigade of Nelson's division of the 
Army of the Ohio reached the field, the Thirty-sixth Indiana 
taking position near the left in support of Stone's battery. Two 
gunboats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill 
Branch, just above the Landing. 

After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to reor- 
ganize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union line 
in position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and Jackson 
and Colonel Trabue moved their commands to the right down 
the ridge south of Dill Branch until they came under fire of the 
Union batteries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's battery, 
the only one with the command. Trabue sheltered his command 
on the south side of the ridge, while Chalmers and Jackson 
moved into the valley of Dill Branch and pressed skirmishers 
forward to the brow of the hill on the north side of the valley, 
but their exhausted men, many of them without ammunition, 
could not be urged to a charge upon the batteries before them. 



Colone] Deas, commanding a remnant of Gladden 's brigade. 
tunned with 2'24 men in the ravine on Jackson's left, and An- 
derson formed at the head of the ravine, where he remained ten 
or fifteen minutes, then he retired beyond range of the floating 
guns. Colonel Lindsay, First Mississippi cavalry, charged upon 
and captured Ross' battery, as it was withdrawing from posi- 
tion near Hurlbut's headquarters, and then with 30 or 40 men 
crossed the head of Dill Branch and attempted to charge an- 
other battery, but finding himself in the presence of an infantry 
force "managed to get hack under the hill without damage." 
This cavalry and the skirmishers from Chalmers' and Jackson's 
brigades were the only Confederate troops that came under mus- 
ketry fire after the Prentiss and Wallace surrender. 

In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops 
into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrange- 
ments were completed night came on and General Beauregard 
ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops 
sought bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured Pin on 
camps and some returning to their bivouac of Saturday night. 
General Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church. General 
Polk retired to his Saturday night camp. General Bragg was 
with Beauregard near the church, occupying General Sherman's 
headquarters cam]). General Hardee and General Withers en- 
camped with Colonel Martin in Peabody's camp. Trabue occu- 
pied camps of the Sixth Iowa and Forty-sixth Ohio. Pond's 
brigade alone of the infantry troops remained in line of battle 
confronting the Union line. 

The Union troops bivouacked on their line of battle, extend- 
ing from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek bridge, where the 
Third Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from Mc- 
Arthur's headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thirteen 
hours the battle had raged over all parts of the field without 
a moment's cessation. The Union Army had been steadily 
forced hack on both flanks. The camps of all but the Second 
Division had been captured, and position after position surren- 
dered after the mosl persistent fighting and with great loss of 
life on both sides. Many regiments, and brigades even, of both 
armies had been shattered and had losl their organization. De- 
tachments of soldiers and parts of companies and regiments 



were scattered over the field, some doubtless seeking in vain for 
their commands; many caring for dead and wounded comrades; 
others exhausted with the long conflict and content to seek rest 
and refreshment at any place that promised relief from the ter- 
rors of the battle. The fierceness of the fighting on Sunday is 
shown by the losses sustained by some of the organizations en- 
gaged. The Ninth Illinois lost 366 out of 617. The Sixth Mis- 
sissippi Lost 300 out of 42.">. Cleburne's brigade lost 1,013 out 
of 2.7HO. and the brigade was otherwise depleted until he had 
but 800 men in line Sunday night. He continued in the fight 
on Monday until he had only 58 men in line, and these he sent 
to the rear for ammunition. 

Gladden 's brigade was reduced to 224. The Fifty-fifth Illi- 
nois lost 275 out of 657. The Twenty-eighth Illinois 245 out of 
642. The Sixth Iowa had 52 killed outright. The Third Iowa 
lost 33 pei' cent, of those engaged. The Twelfth Iowa lost in 
killed, wounded and prisoners 98 per cent, of the present for 
duty. Only 10 returned to camp, and they were stretcher 
bearers. These are hut samples: many other regiments lost in 
about the same proportion. The loss of officers was especially 
heavy; out of 5 Union division commanders 1 was killed, 1 
wounded, and 1 captured; out of 15 brigade commanders 9 
were en the list of casualties, and out of 61 infantry regimental 
commanders on the field 33 were killed, wounded, or missing, 
making a loss on Sunday of 45 out of 81 commanders of divi- 
sions, brigades, and regiments. The Confederate Army lost its 
commander in chief, killed; 2 corps commanders wounded; 3 
out of 5 of its division commanders wounded; 4 of its brigade 
commanders killed or wounded, and 20 out of 78 of its regi- 
mental commanders killed or wounded. With such losses, the 
constant shifting of positions, and the length of time engaged, 
it is not a matter to cause surprise that the Confederate Army 
was reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less than 20,000 
men in line, and that these were so exhausted that they sought 
their bivouacs with little regard to battle lines, and that both 
armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could, with 
very little thought, by either, of any danger of attack during 
the night. 

We find at Shiloh that with three exceptions no breastworks 
were prepared by either side on Sunday night. Of these excep- 



lions a Union battery near the Landing was protected by a few 
sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns; some Confederate 
regiment arranged the fallen timber in front of Marsh's brigade 
camp into a sort of defensive work that served a good purpose 
the next day; and Lieutenant Nispel, Company E, Second Illi- 
nois Light Artillery, dug a trench in front of his guns, making 
a slight earthwork, which may yet be seen, just at the right of 
the position occupied by the siege guns. He alone of all the 
officers on the field thought to use the spade, which was so soon 
to become an important weapon of war. 

During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's divi- 
sion and General Crittenden's division of the army of the Ohio 
arrived upon the field, and early Monday morning the Union 
forces were put in motion to renew the battle. General Critten- 
den's right rested on the Corinth road, General Nelson, to his 
left, extending the line across Hamburg road. About 1,000 
men* from the Army of the Tennessee, extended the line to the 
overflowed land of the Tennessee. Two brigades of General Mc- 
Cook's arriving on the field about 8 o'clock formed on Critten- 
den's right, Rousseau's brigade in front line and Kirk's in 
reserve. At McCook's right was Hurlbut, then McClernand, 
then Sherman, then Lew. Wallace, whose right rested on the 
SAvamps of Owl Creek. The Army of the Ohio formed with one 
regiment of each brigade in reserve, and with Boyle's brigade 
of Crittenden's division as reserve for the whole. The remnant 
of W. H. L. Wallace's division, under command of Colonel Tut- 
tle, was also in reserve behind General Crittenden. 

The early and determined advance of the Union Army soon 
convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had arrived. 
He, however, made his disposition as rapidly as possible to meet 
the advance by sending General Hardee to his right, General 
Bragg to his left, General Polk to left center, and General 
Breckinridge to right center with orders to each to put the 
Confederate troops into line of battle without regard to their 
original organizations. These officers hurried their staff officers 
to all parts of the field and soon formed a line. Hardee had 
Chalmers on the right in Stuart's camps; next to him was Col- 



*10 W. R., 295 and 338 (Colonel Grose says 15th Illinois, but must 
be in error) . 




Illinois Cavalry Monument. 



onel "Wheeler in command of Jackson 's old brigade ; then Colonel 
Preston Smith with remnants of B. R. Johnson's brigade; Col- 
onel Maney with Stephens' brigade. Then came Stewart, Cle- 
burne, Statham, and Martin under Breckinridge. Trabue, across 
the main Corinth road, just west of Duncan's, with Anderson 
and Gibson to his left under Polk. Then Wood, Russell, and 
Pond, under Bragg, finishing the line to Owl Creek. Very few 
brigades were intact, the different regiments were hurried into 
line from their bivouacs and placed under the command of the 
nearest brigade officer, and were then detached and sent from 
one part of the field to another as they were needed to reinforce 
threatened points, until it is impossible to follow movements or 
determine just where each regiment was engaged. 

Monday's battle opened by the advance of General Lew. Wal- 
lace's division on the Union right, attacking Pond's brigade in 
Hare's brigade camp, and was continued on that flank by a left 
wheel of Wallace, extending his right until he had gained the 
Confederate left flank. Nelson's division commenced his ad- 
vance at daylight and soon developed the Confederate line 0/ 
battle behind the peach orchard. He then waited for Critten- 
den and McCook to get into position, and then commenced the 
attack upon Hardee, in which he was soon joined by all the 
troops on the field. The fighting seems to have been most stub- 
born in the center, where Hazen, Crittenden, and McCook were 
contending with the forces under Polk and Breckinridge upon 
the same ground where W. H. L. Wallace and Prentiss fought 
on Sunday. 

The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the contest 
an unequal one, and though stubbornly contested for a time, at 
about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the withdrawal of 
bis army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Colonel Looney, 
of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, with his regiment, augmented 
by detachments from other regiments, at Shiloh Church, directed 
him to charge the Union center. In this charge Colonel Looney 
passed Sherman's headquarters and pressed the Union line back 
to the Purdy road; at the same time General Beauregard sent 
batteries across Shiloh Branch and placed them in battery on 
the high ground beyond. With these arrangements, Beauregard, 
at 4 o'clock, safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his army and 
placed his rear guard under Breckinridge in line upon the 



ground occupied by his army on Saturday night. The Confed- 
erate Army retired leisurely to Corinth, while the Union Army 
returned to the camps that it had occupied before the battle. 

General Beauregard, in his Century "war-book" article, page 
64, in speaking of "The second day's fighting at Shiloh," says: 

Our widely scattered forces, which it had been impossible to organize 
in the night after the late hour at which they were drawn out of action, 
were gathered in hand for the exigency as quickly as possible. 

Generals Bragg, Hardee, and Breckinridge hurried to their assigned 
positions — Hardee now to the extreme right, where were Chalmers' and 
Jackson's brigade of Bragg's corps; General Bragg to the left, where 
were assembled fragments of his own troops, as also of Clark's divi- 
sion, Polk's corps, with Trabue's brigade; Breckinridge was on the 
left of Hardee. This left a space to be occupied by General Polk, who, 
during the night, had , gone with Cheatham's division back nearly to 
Hardee's postion on the night of April 5. But just at the critical time, 
to my great pleasure, General Polk came upon the held with that es- 
sential division. 

By 7 o'clock the night before all of Nelson's division had been thrown 
across the Tennessee, and during the night had been put in position 
between Grant's discouraged forces and our own. * * * After ex- 
changing some shots with Forest's cavalry, Nelson's division was con- 
fronted with a composite force embracing Chalmers' brigade, Moore's 
Texas regiment, with other parts of Withers' division; also the Cres- 
cent regiment of New Orleans and the Twenty-sixth Alabama, sup- 
ported by well posted batteries, and so stoutly was Nelson received 
that his division had to recede somewhat. Advancing again, however, 
about 8 o'clock, now reinforced by Hazen's brigade, it was our turn to 
retire with the loss of a battery. But rallying and taking the offensive, 
somewhat reinforced, the Confederates were able to recover their lost 
ground and guns, inflicting a sharp loss on Hazen's brigade, that nar- 
rowly escaped capture. Ammen's brigade was also seriously pressed 
and must have been turned but fur the opportune arrival of Terrill's 
regular battery of McCook's division. 

In the meantime Crittenden's division became involved in the battle, 
but was successfully kept at bay tor several hours by the forces under 
Hardee and Breckinridge, until it was reinforced by two brigades of 
McCook's division, which had been added to the attacking force on the 
field after the battle had been joined. * * * 

By 1 o'clock General Bragg's forces on our left, necessarily weakened 
by the withdrawal of a part of Ids troops to reinforce our right and 
center, had become so seriously pressed that he had called for aid. Some 
remnants of Louisiana, Alabama, and Tennessee regiments were gath- 
ered up and sent to support him as best they might, and I went wilh 
them personally. General Bragg, now taking the offensive, pressed 
his adversary back. This was about two o'clock. My headquarters 
were still at Shiloh < ihurch. 

The odds of fresh troops alone were now too great to justify the pro- 
longation of the conflict. So, directing Adjutant-General Jordan to 
select at once a proper position in our near rear, and there establish a 
covering force including artillery. I dispatched my staff with orders to 
the several corps commanders to prepare to retire from the field, first 
making a show, however, at different points of resuming the offensive. 



These orders were executed, I may say, with no small skill, and the 
Confederate army began to retire at 2:30 p. m. without apparently the 
least perception on the part of the enemy that such a movement was 
going on j 

The losses of the two days' battle are summed up as follows: 





Killed 


Woun'd 


Missing 


Total 




1 , 472 
41 


6,350 
251 


2 , 826 
4 


10 648 


General Lew Wallace's division 


296 


Total, Army of the Tennessee 


1,513 
241 


6,601 
1,807 


2,830 


10,944 
2,103 




Grand total, Union Army 


1,754 
1,728 


8,408 
8,012 


2,885 
959 


13,047 
10 699 






Total loss at Shiloh 


3,482 


16,420 


3,844 


23,746 





This gives a Confederate loss of 24 1-3 per cent, of those pres- 
ent for duty, and a loss in the five divisions of Grant's army 
present for duty Sunday of 26% per cent. 

It is impossible to give losses of each day separately, except 
as to general officers and regimental commanders. These are 
reported by name, and it is found that casualties among the 
officers of these grades are as follows : 

In the five divisions of Grant's army, loss on Sunday 45 

In the same divisions, loss on Monday 2 

In Lew Wallace's division, loss on Monday 

In the Army of the Ohio , loss on Monday 3 

Total loss general officers and regimental commanders, Sun- 
day and Monday 50 

In Confederate Army, casualties to officers of like grade, on Sun- 
day were 30 

In Confederate Army, Monday 14 

Total loss of general officers and regimental commanders. 
Confederate Army 44 

12 



No genera] pursuit of the Confederates was made. The or- 
ders of General Halleck forbade pursuit,* so the Confederates 
were allowed to retire to Corinth while the Union Array occu- 
pied itself in burying the dead and caring for the wounded until 
General Halleck arrived, and assuming command, inaugurated 
the "advance upon Corinth," in which the most conspicuous 
and leading part was played by the spade. 

In answer to an inquiry made by the Secretary of War, Gen- 
eral Halleck said :f 

The newspaper accounts that our divisions were surprised are utterly- 
false. Every division had notice of the enemy's approach hours before 
the battle commenced. 

Later, in transmitting a map to the Secretary, he said:f 

The impression, which at one time seemed to have been received by 
the Department, that our forces were surprised in the morning of the 
6th, is entirely erroneous. I am satisfied from a patient and careful 
inquiry and investigation that all our troops were notified of the ene- 
my's approach some time before the battle commenced. 

Detailed Movements of Organizations. 
The Army of the Tennessee. 

On the 6th day of April, 1862, the Army of the Tennessee 
was encamped on the west bank of the Tennessee River; the 
First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Divisions at Pittsburg 
Landing, with 39,830 officers and men present for duty; the 
Third Division at Crump's Landing, with 7,564 officers and men 
present for duty. 

General Grant's headquarters was at Savannah, Tenn., where 
be was awaiting the arrival of General Buell. "While at break- 
last early Sunday morning, April 6. General Grant heard heavy 
firing at Pittsburg Landing, and leaving orders for General Nel- 
son to move his division up the east bank of the river to 
Pittsburg Landing, General Grant and staff repaired to the bat- 
tlefield, where he arrived at about 8 a. m. Pie visited each of 
his divisions at the front, and finding that the attack was by a 
large force of the enemy, he sent an order for his Third Division 
to hasten to the field and a request to General Buell for rein- 
forcements. The Army of the Tennessee was gradually driven 



*11 War Records, pp. 97, 104.1 
1 10 War Records, p. 99. 



back until at sunset it occupied a position extending from 
the Landing to Snake Creek bridge. In this position it repulsed 
an attack made by the Confederates at 6 o'clock p. m. 

General Grant passed the night in bivouac with his troops, 
without shelter, and early next morning, reinforced by his Third 
Division and by General Buell with three divisions of the Army 
of the Ohio, he renewed the battle, and at -1 p. m. had regained 
possession of the entire field. 

First Division. 
(McClernand's.) 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four 
batteries of artillery, one battalion and two companies of cav- 
alry, was ordered from Savannah to Pittsburg Landing March 
2(>, 1862, and vent into camp across the main Corinth road 
about one-half mile east of Shiloh Church. On Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1862, the division formed for battle with its Third 
Brigade thrown forward to support Sherman's left; its First 
and Second Brigades along the Corinth road; McAllister's bat- 
tery at the northwest corner of the Review field; Burrows' 
battery at center of Second Brigade; Dresser's battery at Water 
Oaks Pond; Schwartz's battery, first to Sherman's right, then 
al the crossroads. The division was attacked at about 9 a. m. 
and was driven from its position along the Corinth road at 
about 11 a. m. with the loss of Burrows' battery, one gun of 
McAllister's battery, and one gun of Schwartz's battery. It 
made its next stand at right angles to the center of its Second 
Brigade cam]), where Dresser's battery lost four guns. The 
division then retired to its fourth line, in the camp of its First 
Hi igade, where it rallied and in a countercharge drove the Con- 
federates back and recovered the whole of the camp of the Sec- 
ond Brigade and McClernand's headquarters, and captured 
Cobb's Kentucky battery at 12 m. It held this advance but a 
short time, when it was driven slowly back until at 2 p. m. it 
was again in the field of its First Brigade camp, where it held 
its fifth line until 2:30 p. m. It then retired across Tilghman 
Creek to its si-ih line at 'Cavalry Field," where at 1:30 p. m. 
it repulsed a charge made by Pond's brigade and "Wharton's 



cavalry, and then retired to the Hamburg and Savannah road r 
where, with its left thrown back, it bivouacked Sunday night. 

It advanced Monday morning over the same ground where it 
fought on Sunday, and at 1 p. m. reoccupied its camps on the 
field. 

First Bri 



(Hare's.) 

This brigade of four regiments, forming the right of the First 
Division, was encamped in Jones field. It moved from its camp 
at about 8 a. m., April 6, 1862, by the left flank and formed in 
line of battle on the ridge between the Review field and the 
Corinth road, its left in edge of Duncan field, in the following 
order, from left to right: Eighth Illinois, Eighteenth Illinois, 
Thirteenth Iowa. The Eleventh Iowa, detached from the bri- 
gade, formed still farther to the right, supporting Dresser's 
battery at the Water Oaks Pond. 

In this position the three left regiments were attacked about 
10 a. m. by Shaver's brigade of Hardee's corps, and at 11 a. m. 
were driven back across the Corinth road, the left behind the 
north side of Duncan field. This position was held until Mc- 
Clernard advanced and recovered his camp at noon. These 
regiments then retired with the division, the Thirteenth Iowa 
participating in the repulse of "Wharton's cavalry on sixth line 
at 4:30. Here Colonel Hare was wounded, and Colonel M. M. 
Crocker, Thirteenth Iowa, took command of the brigade and 
conducted the three regiments to bivouac near the Fourteenth 
Iowa camp. The Eleventh Iowa, in support of Dresser's bat- 
tery, fell back to the third and fourth lines with its division, 
and in the rally and recovery of camps it captured a standard 
from the enemy, and in conjunction with the Eleventh and 
Twentieth Illinois captured Cobb's battery. The regiment then 
fell back and at night was still supporting the two remaining 
guns of Dresser's battery, in position at the left of the siege 
guns. 

On Monday this brigade was attached to Tuttle's command, 
which served as reserve for General Crittenden's division, Army 
of the Ohio, until about 3 p. m., when it was ordered to the 
front and charged the enemy southwest of Review field, the 
Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois each capturing one gun from the 
enemy. 



183 



Second Brigade. 
(Marsh's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped, with its left in 
Woolf field, in the following order of regiments, from left to 
right : Forty-fifth Illinois, Forty-eighth Illinois, Twentieth Illi- 
nois. Eleventh Illinois. It formed line of battle on its parade 
ground Sunday morning, April 6th, 1862, and at about 8 a. m. 
moved out, first to the front, but immediately afterwards to the 
left, and formed along the Corinth road, its left at the north- 
west corner of the Review field, its right near the crossroads. 
Burrows' battery at the center. 

In this position the brigade was fiercely attacked by Wood's 
brigade of Hardee's corps and Stewart's brigade of Polk's corps. 
11 withstood the attack from about 10 a. m. to 11 a. m., when it 
fell back about 700 yards and reformed at right angles to the 
center of its camp. It held this position for a short time and 
then fell back to Jones field, where it rallied and in conjunction 
with other troops recaptured its camp at about noon. In this 
advance the Twentieth and Eleventh Illinois, assisted by the 
Eleventh Iowa, captured Cobb's Confederate battery. Tbe bri- 
gade retained possession of parts of its camp for about two 
bours, retiring slowly to Jones field, where it was engaged until 
2 :30 p. m., when it fell back to Hamburg and Savannah road, 
where its three left regiments united with tbe Third Brigade 
and bivouacked Sunday night, just south of Me Arthur's head- 
quarters. The Eleventh Illinois, reduced to a captain and 80 
men, bivouacked near the siege guns, and was in reserve on 
Monday. The Twentieth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-eighth formed 
a part of Marsh's command on Monday and advanced nearly 
west, recovering their camps at about 3 p. m. 

Third Brigade. 

(Rai th's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was camped along the Ham- 
burg and Purdy road, its right near the left of the Second Bri- 
gade, in the following order, from left to right: Forty-ninth 
Illinois, Forty-third Illinois, Twenty-ninth Illinois. Seventeenth 
Illinois. 



— 184 — 

Colonel Rearden, senior officer present, being sick, Colonel 
Raith was informed, after his regiment was in line of battle, 
that he was to command the brigade. Under orders from divi- 
sion commander, he moved the right of his brigade forward to 
Shiloh Church to the support of Sherman's left. In this posi- 
tion the brigade was attacked about 9 a. m., April 6, 1862, on its 
left flank by Wood and Stewart and in front by Russell and 
Johnson, and was driven slowly back to the crossroads, where 
it joined the right of the Second Brigade. Here the Seven- 
teenth and Forty-third, while supporting Schwartz's battery, 
were subjected to a crossfire of artillery and lost heavily. Colonel 
Raith was mortally wounded. The Forty-third was surrounded 
and cut its way out, losing 43 men killed, that were buried in 
one trench near the crossroads. Lieutenant Colonel Wood, who 
succeeded to the command of the brigade, did not hold his 
brigade intact. The Seventeenth and Forty-third rallied at Mc- 
Clernand's third line and again at his fourth position, where 
they were joined by the Forty-ninth. The Seventeenth and 
Forty-ninth then retired to Hamburg and Savannah road. The 
Forty-third was engaged in the advance and retaking of the 
camp at noon, and then joined the Seventeenth and Forty-ninth 
at Hamburg and Savannah road, where the three regiments were 
engaged at 4 :30 p. m., and bivouacked Sunday night. On Mon- 
day these regiments joined Marsh's command and served with 
him until the enemy retired from the field. The Twenty-ninth 
was engaged at Cavalry field in resisting Pond's attack at 4:30 
p. m., after which it retired to siege guns, where it remained 
Sunday night and Monday. McAllister's battery lost one gun 
at northwest corner of Review field, and was afterwards engaged 
in McClernand's fifth and sixth positions, and at the Landing 
at 6 p. m., and on Monday with Marsh's brigade. 

Second Division. 

(W. II. L. Wallace's.) 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four 
batteries of artillery, and four companies of cavalry, was com- 
manded by Brigadier General C. F. Smith until April 2, 1862, 
when, on account of Smith's disability, Brigadier General 
W. II. L. Wallace was assigned to the command. 

The division arrived at Pittsburg Landing March 18 and es- 



— 1S5 — 

tablished its camp near the river between the Corinth road and 
Snake Creek. It formed at 8 a. m., Sunday morning, April 6, 
when the First and Second Brigades and three batteries were 
conducted by Wallace to a position on Corinth road just east 
of Duncan field, where Tuttle's brigade was formed south of the 
road, and two regiments of Sweeney's brigade on north side of 
the road. The other regiments of Sweeney's brigade were held 
in reserve for a time and then distributed to different parts of 
the field. McArthur's brigade was detached from the division 
and served on other parts of the field. Batteries D, H, and K, 
First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed on a ridge behind 
Tuttle's brigade. In this position Wallace was attacked at 
about 9:30 a. m. by Shaver's brigade, assisted by artillery lo- 
cated in the Review field. At 10:30 a. m. the attack was re- 
newed by Shaver, Stephens, and Stewart, followed at noon by 
four determined attacks by Gibson's brigade. General Ruggles 
then took charge of the Confederate forces in front of Wallace 
and assembled ten batteries and two sections of artillery on the 
west side of Duncan field, and sent Wood, Anderson, Stewart, 
and Cleburne to reinforce Shaver in a renewed attack upon 
Wallace's front. At the same time the Union forces on Wal- 
lace's right and left retired, allowing the enemy to gain his 
flanks and rear. Seeing that he was being surrounded, Wallace 
sent his batteries to the rear and then attempted to move his 
infantry out by the flank along the Pittsburg road. While rid- 
ing at the head of his troops and near the fork of the Eastern 
Corinth road, he received a mortal wound and was left for dead 
upon the field. When that part of the field was recovered on 
Monday General Wallace was found to be alive. He was taken 
to Savannah, where he died on the 10th. Four regiments of 
the division did not receive orders to retire in time to save them- 
selves and were surrounded and captured at 5 :30 p. m. The 
remainder of the division, under the command of Colonel Tuttle, 
retired to the right of the siege guns, where the troops remained 
in line Sunday night. 

On Monday the infantry commanded by Tuttle acted as re- 
serve to Crittenden's division of the Army of the Ohio, until 
about noon, when it advanced to front line on Crittenden's right 
and participated in all the after battles of the day. 



Battery A, First Illinois Light Artillery, served with MeAr- 
thur's brigade on Sunday and had three guns in action with 
Sherman on Monday. The three Missouri batteries, when they 
retired from Wallace's line at 5 p. m., reported to Colonel Web- 
ster near the Landing and were put in line, where they assisted 
in repelling the last Confederate attack on Sunday. They were 
not engaged on Monday. 

First Brigade. 

(Tuttle's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped near the river 
north of the Corinth road. It moved to the front Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1862, by the Eastern Corinth road. When near 
southeast corner of Duncan field, Colonel Tuttle, riding at the 
head of his brigade, discovered the enemy in the woods beyond 
the field. He at once turned the head of his brigade to the 
right and threw his regiments into line in an old road behind 
Duncan field in the following order, from left to right : Four- 
teenth Iowa, Twelfth Iowa, Seventh Iowa, Second Iowa. The 
right reaching to the Corinth road, the left extending one regi- 
ment beyond, or south of. Eastern Corinth road ; the three right 
regiments behind a field ; the left regiment behind a dense 
thicket. About 9 :30 a. m. Confederate batteries opened fire 
upon the brigade. This was soon followed by infantry attack 
coming through the thick brush on the left. At about 10 :30 
a. m. Stephens' brigade made an attack through the field. He 
was repulsed when he reached the middle of the field. This was 
closely followed by a second attack by Stephens, assisted by Gen- 
eral Stewart, commanding Hindman's division. About noon 
Gibson's brigade was sent against Tuttle's position, and made 
four determined but unsuccessful charges, lasting until after 
2 p. m., when it withdrew and Shaver made his third attack, in 
which Lieutenant Colonel Dean of the Seventh Arkansas was 
killed within a few yards of the front of the Fourteenth Iowa, 
General Ruggles then assembled sixty-two pieces of artillery on 
wesl side of Duncan field and concentrated their fire upon Tut- 
tle and the batteries in his rear. At the same time Ruggles sent 
Wood. Anderson and Stewart to reinforce Shaver in a renewed 
attack at the front. While meeting this attack Tuttle was or- 



— 1ST — 

dered, at 5 p. m., to withdraw his brigade. He gave personal 
direction to the Second and Seventh Iowa and with them retired 
to the right of Hurlbut's division, near the siege guns, where he 
assumed command of the remnant of the Second Division and 
formed his line near the camp of the Fourteenth Iowa. The 
staff officer sent by Tuttle to order the Twelfth and Fourteenth 
Iowa to fall back directed the commanding officers of those regi- 
ments to "about face and fall back slowly." Marching by the 
rear rank about 200 yards, these regiments encountered Confed- 
erate troops across their line of retreat. These they engaged 
and forced back to the camp of Hurlbut's First Brigade, where 
the Confederates were reinforced and the two regiments, to- 
gether with two from the Third Brigade, and a part of Prentiss' 
division, were surrounded and captured at 5 :30 p. m. The 
Fourteenth Iowa surrendered to the Ninth Mississippi of Chalm- 
ers' brigade, which had occupied the extreme right of the Con- 
federate army. The Twelfth Iowa surrendered to Colonel 
Looney of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, Pond's brigade, from the 
extreme left of the Confederate Army. 

The Second and Seventh Iowa were with Tuttle 's command on 
Monday in reserve to General Crittenden. During the day the 
Second Iowa was sent to reinforce Nelson's left and in a charge 
across a field defeated an attempt of the enemy to turn the left 
of the Army of the Ohio. Later the Seventh Iowa charged a 
battery in Crittenden's front. 

Second Brigadi . 
(Mc Arthur's.) 

This brigade, composed of five regiments, the Ninth and 
Twelfth Illinois. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Missouri and the 
Eighty-first Ohio, was encamped on the Hamburg and Savannah 
road near Snake Creek. The first order to the brigade Sunday 
morning, April 6, 1862, disunited its regiments and sent them 
to different parts of the field, and they were not united again 
until after the battle was over. 

The Thirteenth Missouri went to Sherman; the Fourteenth 
Missouri and Eighty-first Ohio to guard Snake Creek bridge. 
General McArthur. with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and 
Willard's battery, moved directlv south along the Hamburg road 



to the support of Colonel Stuart. Finding that Stuart had 
moved to the left rear of his camps, Mc Arthur formed his com- 
mand to Stuart's right rear just east of the peach orchard, the 
Ninth Illinois on the right next to Hamburg road; the Twelfth 
Illinois to its left; Willard's battery in rear of the Ninth. In 
this position .Mc Arthur sustained himself against Jackson's bri- 
gade until about 2 p. m., when Bowen from the Eeserve Corps 
w;is scut to reinforce Jackson. Under this combined attack Mc- 
Artlmr w;is compelled to fall back. The Ninth Illinois, having 
lost 58 per cent of men engaged, retired to camp for ammuni- 
tion and repairs. It was again engaged near its camp at 4 :30 
p. m., and then joined Tuttle's command at the Fourteenth Iowa 
camp, and served with him on Monday. The Twelfth Illinois 
fell back to a second position, where it joined the Fiftieth and 
Fifty-seventh Illinois and was engaged until about 4 p. m., when 
it retired to its camp and passed the night. On Monday it was 
engaged with McClernand's command. 

The Fourteenth Missouri was engaged Sunday in a skirmish 
with Brewer's cavalry on the right of Union line. On Monday 
it joined the Third Division and supported Thompson's battery. 
The Eighty-first Ohio remained on guard at Snake Creek bridge 
until 3 p. m. It then moved south to Hurlbut's headquarters, 
where it was engaged in the 4:30 conflict on Hamburg road. It 
bivouacked on McClernand's left Sunday night and served with 
Marsh's command on Monday. The Thirteenth Missouri joined 
McDowell's brigade on Sunday and was engaged with it in the 
conflict with Trabue at noon. It bivouacked Sunday night near 
Ninth Illinois camp and joined Sherman on Monday. General 
McArthur was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded in com- 
mand by Colonel Morton of the Eighty-first Ohio. 

Third Brigadi . 

(Sweeny's.) 

This brigade was composed of Eighth Iowa and the Seventh, 
Fiftieth. Fifty-second, Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois. 
It was encamped between the First and Second Brigades and 
followed the First Brigade Sunday morning. April 6, 1862, on 
the Corinth road to the Eastern Corinth road, where it halted in 
reserve. The Fifty-eighth and Seventh Illinois were at once 



— 189 — 

moved forward to Duncan field, where they formed at 9 :30 a. m. 
on north side of the Corinth road, prolonging Tuttle's line and 
connecting with McClernand's left. Soon after the Fiftieth 
Illinois was detached and sent to the left, where it became en- 
gaged on Mc Arthur's left. It fell back with the Twelfth Il- 
linois to position east of the Bloody pond, where it was joined 
at about 3 p. m. by the Fifty-seventh Illinois. These regiments 
held their position on left of the army until 1 p. m., when they 
IVII back ;ind supported Stone's battery near the Landing in the 
last action of the clav. About 11 a. m. the Eighth Iowa was put 
in line between Tuttle and Prentiss, where it supported Hicken- 
looper's battery until 5 p. m. The Fifty-second Illinois was 
sent, about 3 p. m., to the right. As it was moving down Tilgh- 
man Creek it ran into Wharton's cavalry, which was moving lip 
the creek. A few volleys were exchanged by head of column, 
then the Fifty-second moved to the camp of the Fifteenth Il- 
linois and was there engaged in repelling Pond's 1:30 p. m. at- 
tack. It then retired to the siege guns. The Seventh and Fifty- 
eighth Illinois, on Tuttle's right, and the Eighth Iowa, on his 
left, participated in all the engagements described in the ac- 
count of Tuttle's brigade until 1 p. m., when the Seventh retired 
to McClernand's seventh line. The Eighth Iowa and the Fifty- 
eighth Illinois were surrounded and captured at the same time 
that Prentiss was captured. Colonel Sweeny was wounded on 
Sunday and was succeeded on Monday by Colonel Baldwin, 
Fifty-seventh Illinois. 

Third Division. 

(Lew. Wallace's.) 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, two 
batteries of artillery, and two battalions of cavalry, was en- 
camped north of Snake Creek; the First Brigade at Crump's 
Landing; the Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome; the Third 
Brigade at Adamsville. Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, hearing 
sounds of battle up the river, General Wallace ordered his com- 
mand to concentrate at Stony Lonesome, where, at 11 :30 a. m., 
he received orders from General Grant directing him to join the 
right of the army, then engaged on the south side of Snake 
Creek. At 12 m., leaving two regiments and one gun to guard 



the public property at Crump's Landing, General Wallace 
started with his First and Second Brigades for the battlefield 
by the Shunpike road, which led to the right of Sherman's di- 
vision as formed for battle in the morning. 

At about 2:30 p. m. a staff officer from General Grant over- 
took General Wallace on this road and turned him back to the 
river road, by which the Third Brigade having fallen into col- 
umn, his division reached the battlefield after the action of Sun- 
day was over. 

The division bivouacked in line of bailie, facing west along 
the Savannah road north of McArthur's headquarters; the First 
Brigade on the left, with Thompson's battery on its right: the 
Second Brigade in the center; the Third Brigade on the right, 
with Thurber's battery at its center. 

At daylight Monday morning, April 7. 1862, the batteries of 
the division engaged and dislodged Ketchum's Confederate bat- 
tery, posted in the camp of the Eighth Illinois. At 6 :30 a. m., 
the division, its right on Owl Creek, advanced en echelon of bri- 
gades, left in front, crossed Tilghman Creek, and drove the Con- 
federates from their position at Oglesby's headquarters. Then, 
wheeling to the left against the left flank of the enemy, it ad- 
vanced fighting, until, at 4 p. m., it had pushed the Confederates 
through the Union camps and beyond Shiloh Branch. Near 
nightfall the division retired under orders to General Sherman's 
•camps, where it bivouacked Monday night. 

First Bri</(i(h . 

(Smith's.) 

This brigade was encamped at Crump's Landing. It moved 
out two and a half miles on Purdy road to Stony Lonesome and 
joined the Second Brigade early Sunday morning. April 6, 1862. 
At 12 m. it started for Shiloh by a road leading southwesterly 
toward the right of Sherman's camps. At about 2:30 p. m. the 
brigade was counter-marched to the Adamsville and Pittsburg 
road, by which it reached the battlefield about dark and bivou- 
acked in front of the camp of the Fourteenth Missouri. On 
Monday the brigade formed in Perry field, near McArthur's 
headquarters; the Twenty-fourth Indiana on the left, the Elev- 
enth Indiana on the right, and the Eighth Missouri in reserve. 




One of the Ohio Monuments. 



— 193 — 

At about 6 :30 a. m. it advanced across Tilghman Creek and at 
8 a. m. entered the field of Hare's brigade camp. It crossed said 
field in a southwesterly direction, driving back the Confederate 
forces, thence through the Crescent field and to McDowell's bri- 
gade camp, where it bivouacked Monday night. Losses during 
the day, 18 killed and 114 wounded. The Twenty-fourth In- 
diana lost its lieutenant colonel, 1 captain and 1 lieutenant killed. 

Second Brigade. 

(Thayer's.) 

This brigade, consisting of Twenty-third Indiana, First Ne- 
braska. Fifty-eighth Ohio, and Sixty-eighth Ohio, was encamped 
at Stony Lonesome, two and a half miles from the Tennessee 
River, on the Purdy road. The Sixty-eight Ohio was detailed 
to guard the baggage, the other regiments of the brigade fol- 
lowed the First Brigade in its march toward Shiloh April 6, 
1862. It counter-marched, from a point four and a half miles 
out, to the Adamsville and Pittsburg road, and thence via river 
road to the battlefield, where it arrived after dark and bivou- 
acked, in line of battle, at the right of the First Brigade. Mon- 
day morning it formed en echelon in right rear of the First 
Brigade, the First Nebraska on the left, the Twenty-third In- 
diana on the right and the Fifty-eighth Ohio in reserve. It fol- 
lowed the movements of the First Brigade through the day and 
bivouacked at night in the camp of the Forty-sixth Ohio. 

Third Brigade. 

(Whittlesey's.) 

This brigade of four Ohio regiments, to-wit : The Twentieth, 
Fifty-sixth, Seventy-sixth, and Seventy-eighth, was encamped at 
Adamsville, four miles from Crump's. It formed in line early 
Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, when firing was heard at Shiloh, 
with all its camp equipage on wagons, and remained in line until 
2 p. m., when orders were received to join the other brigades en 
route for Shiloh. It marched on direct road toward Pittsburg, 
falling in behind the other brigades as they came back into that 
road from the countermarch. At about 4 p. m. the Fifty-sixth 
was detached and ordered to go with baggage to Crump's Land- 

13 



— 194 — 

ing. The other regiments arrived on the battlefield after dark 
and bivouacked in front of the camp of the Eighty-first Ohio. 
Monday morning the brigade formed the extreme right of Union 
line, its right, the Seventy-sixth, on the swamps of Owl Creek, 
the Seventy-eighth en the left in rear of the right of the Sec- 
ond Brigade, the Twentieth in reserve, until it crossed Tilghman 
Creek, when it took position on the right. Retaining this forma- 
tion, the brigade advanced, swinging to the left until 11 a. m., 
when it was transferred to the left of the division in support of 
Stuart's brigade of Sherman's division. The Seventy-sixth re- 
mained on the left, the other regiments soon returned to the 
right, the Twentieth in front line, the Seventy-eighth in reserve. 
The last engagement by this brigade was between the Twentieth 
Ohio, in the field near McDowell's headquarters, and Confeder- 
ates at camp of Forty-sixth Ohio. The brigade bivouacked in 
camp of Sixth Iowa Monday night. 

Fourth Division. 
(Hurlbut's.) 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, three 
batteries of artillery, and two battalions of cavalry, arrived at 
Pittsburg Landing on boats March 16, 1862. On the 18th it 
disembarked and established its camps about one mile from the 
river near the point where the Hamburg and Savannah road 
crosses the road from Pittsburg Landing to Corinth. 

The division was formed about 8 a. m., Sunday morning, 
April 6, 1862, and soon after the Second Brigade was sent to rein- 
force General McClernand. 

The First and Third Brigades, with the artillery, moved out 
to the support of Prentiss' division, but finding that Prentiss was 
falling back, Hurlbut put his division in line at the Peach Or- 
chard field, the First Brigade on the south side, the Third Bri- 
gade on the west side, the batteries in the field. In this position 
he was attacked by Chalmers' and Gladden 's brigades, which 
were following Prentiss' division, and by Robertson's, Harper's. 
and Girardey's batteries, which were stationed in Prentiss' 
camps. A shell from one of these batteries blew up a caisson 
belonging to Myers' Thirteenth Ohio Battery: the men stam- 
peded, abandoning their guns, and were not again in action at 
Shiloh. 



— 195 — 

.Mann's battery fought with the division all day, and again on 
Monday. Ross' battery did excellent service until ordered to 
fall back at 4 p. m., and was preparing to retire to the Landing 
when it was charged by Lindsay's Mississippi cavalry and cap- 
tured. Only two guns were saved. 

Hurlbut held his position on two sides of the Peach Orchard 
until about 1:30 p. m., when he was attacked by Breckinridge's 
corps. Finding that Stuart was falling back on the left, Hurl- 
but retired to the north side of the field with his First Brigade, 
and transferred his Third Brigade from the right to the left 
flank. Here he maintained himself until 3 p. m., when he was 
again obliged to retire to the left of his camps. About 1 p. m. 
he found that his left was again being turned, and fell back to 
the siege guns and reformed. The Second Brigade rejoined the 
division and all participated in the final action of the day. The 
division bivouacked in line of battle in front of the siege guns, 
and on Monday the First and Second Brigades and Mann's bat- 
tery formed on McClernand's left ; the Third Brigade reported to 
Sherman. All were engaged until the Confederates retired from 
the field. 

First Brigadi . 

(Williams'.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped across the Cor- 
inth road I 1 /! miles from the river. On Sunday morning, April 
6, 1862, at about 8 o'clock, it moved out on the Hamburg road 
and formed line of battle along the south side of the Peach Or- 
chard field in following order from left to right : Forty-first Il- 
linois, Twenty-eighth Illinois, Thirty-second Illinois, Third Iowa. 
In this position it was attacked by skirmishers from Chalmers' 
brigade and by artillery fire, by which Colonel Williams was dis- 
abled and the command of the brigade passed to Colonel Pugh, 
Forty-first Illinois. Chalmers' brigade was withdrawn and Colo- 
nel Pugh retired his brigade to the center of the field, where he 
was attacked at about 1:30 p. m. by Statham's and Stephens' 
brigades, and at 2 :30 was driven back to the north side of the 
field. The Thirty-second Illinois was transferred to the left of 
the brigade east of Hamburg road, and lost its lieutenant colo- 
nel, Ross, killed. As the left of the line was driven back, Colo- 



— 196 — 

nel Pugh again fell back to the Wicker field, where he held his 
line until 4 p. m., when the brigade retired, under Hurlbut's 
orders, to position near siege guns, where it remained in line 
Sunday night. The Third Iowa, occupying the right of Hurl- 
but's line, connected with Prentiss and remained until about 5 
p. m., then retired through its camp and along Pittsburg road 
just before the Confederates closed their line behind Prentiss. 
Major Stone, commanding the regiment, was captured; other 
casualties of the day among the officers left the regiment in 
command of Lieutenant Crosley. He joined his command to the 
Thirteenth Iowa in the last action of the day, and then reported 
to his brigade commander. He commanded the regiment, in ac- 
tion with his brigade, the next day. 

On Monday the brigade formed on McClernand's left and was 
engaged until noon. 

Second Brigade. 
(Veatch's.) 

This brigade, of four regiments, was encamped across the Ham- 
burg and Savannah road, north of the Corinth road. It was sent 
April 6, 1862, to reinforce McClernand, and moved out along the 
Corinth road and formed in line behind Marsh's brigade at about 
9 a. m. in the following order from left to right : Twenty-fifth 
Indiana, Fourteenth Illinois, Forty-sixth Illinois, Fifteenth Il- 
linois. It became engaged at about 10 :30 a. m., and at 11 a. m. 
was compelled to retire. The Twenty-fifth Indiana and Four- 
teenth Illinois fell back 200 yards, changing front to rear on left 
companies, and formed along the road that runs from Review 
field past McClernand's headquarters. A little later they retired 
to the right of Hare's brigade, where they held their position un- 
til after noon, when they fell back to McClernand's sixth line, 
where they were engaged in Pond's repulse at 4:30 p. m., after 
which they joined Hurlbut in his last position on Sunday. 

The Fifteenth Illinois lost all its field officers and several cap- 
tains at first position and retired at 11 a. m. to the Jones field, 
where it was joined by the Forty-sixth Illinois in supporting 
Barrett's battery. These two regiments joined McDowell's left 
in the advance at 12 m. and continued in line until 1 p. m., when 
they retired — the Fifteenth Illinois to join Hurlbut, the Forty- 



— 197 — 




sixth Illinois to its camp for dinner; later the Forty-sixth joined 
Marsh 's command on the Hamburg road and assisted in the final 
action of the day. and was with Marsh's command on Monday. 
The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois and Twenty-fifth Indiana, 
under Colonel Veatch, formed the left of the Army of the Ten- 
nessee on Monday and joined McCook's right until about 11 a. m.. 
when they crossed the Corinth road near Duncan's and were 
engaged in Review field and in front line until 1 p. m. 

Third Brigad( . 
(Lauman's.) 

This brigade had formerly belonged to the Army of the Ohio 
where it was known as Cruft's brigade. It was sent from that 
army to reinforce Grant at Fort Donelson and had remained with 
the Army of the Tennessee. General Lauman was assigned to 
the command April 5, 1862. Its camp was on the south side of 
Dill Branch, its right at the Bamburg road. About 8 a. m., 
Sunday. April 6, 1862, it moved out to the west side of the Peach 
Orchard field and formed line with its right in the woods near 
the head of Tilghman Creek. The order of its regiments from 
left to right was: Seventeenth Kentucky, Twenty-fifth Kentucky, 
Forty-fourth Indiana, Thirty-first Indiana. About 9 a. m. it 
\\as attacked through the timber on its right by Gladden 's bri- 
gade closely followed in succession by attacks, upon its while 
line, by Stephens' brigade and the right of Gibson's brigade. 
One of the features of the battle at this place was the burning 
of the leaves and brush in the woods where the wounded were 
lying. 

About 2 p. m. the brigade was transferred to the left and 
formed in open woods just east of the Hamburg road, the Thirty- 
first Indiana in reserve on left flank. This position was held un- 
til about 1 p. m. when the brigade retired with its division to 
tlie siege guns. After the action for the day had closed it moved 
150 yards to front and bivouacked for the night. On Monday 
at 10 a. m. it reported to Sherman and served with him until 
close of the battle. 

Fifth Division. 
(Sherman's.) 

This division, of four brigades of infantry, three batteries of 
artillery, two battalions and two independent companies of cav- 



— 200 — 

airy, was organized at Paducah about the 1st of March, 1862. 
It went up the Tennessee River to the mouth of Yellow Creek, 
and returned to Pittsburg Landing March 16, disembarked, and 
marched out to Monterey, returned to Pittsburg Landing and es- 
tablished its camps on the 19th along the Hamburg and Purdy 
road, its center at Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 
1862, the division formed in front of its camps where its Third 
and Fourth Brigades became engaged at 7 :30 a. m. These bri- 
gades, reinforced by Raith's' brigade of the First Division, held 
the line until 10 a. m., when Sherman attempted to fall back to 
the Purdy road. In this movement his Third Brigade became 
disorganized and retired, his Fourth Brigade formed on the road, 
but soon fell back and after a short engagement retreated to Ham- 
burg and Savannah road, only parts of regiments remaining in 
line. McDowell's brigade, when ordered at 10 a. m. to fall 
back, became engaged in Crescent field and afterwards on Mc- 
Clernand's right until about 2 p. m. 

Stuart's brigade was engaged with Chalmers on the extreme 
left until 2 p. m. Barrett's battery formed in front of Shiloh 
Church and opened fire at 7 :30 a. m. ; then at 10 a. m. retired 
to Jones field, where it was engaged until 2 p. m., when it retired 
to the river. Waterhouse's battery went into action at 7 a. m. 
with two guns at Rhea House ; these soon retired to main battery 
1 50 yards in rear, where the full battery remained in action until 
10 a. m., when it was outflanked and lost three guns. The re- 
mainder of the battery retired disabled from the field. Behr's 
battery was with McDowell's brigade, one gun guarding the 
bridge at Owl Creek. "When Sherman ordered McDowell to join 
his other brigades near Shiloh Church, Captain Behr moved five 
guns down the road, and was directing them into battery when 
he was killed ; his men stampeded, leaving the guns on the field. 
The gun at Owl Creek served with McDowell in his first engage- 
ment, then retired. 

On Monday, Stuart's and Buckland's brigades were engaged 
on the left of Lew. Wallace all day. Sherman was wounded on 
Sunday, but kept the field until the enemy retired on Monday. 



First Brigade. 
(McDowell's.) 

This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped on the Ham- 
burg and Purdy road, its right on the high ground near Owl 
( "reck, in the following order from left to right: Fortieth Illinois, 
Forty-sixth Ohio, Sixth Iowa. At the first alarm Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1862, each regiment formed upon its color line. 
Two companies of the Sixth Iowa, with one gun of Belir's bat- 
tery, were on guard at the bridge over Owl Creek. About 8 a. 
m. the brigade was advanced to the brow of the hill overlooking 
Shiloh Branch, the Fortieth Illinois joining the right of Buck- 
land's brigade. After a skirmish with Pond's brigade, McDowell 
was ordered, at 10 a, m., to retire to the Purdy road and move 
to the left to connect with Buckland's brigade near the cross- 
roads. In obedience to this order, the brigade abandoned its 
camps without a contest and moved by the left flank past Mc- 
Dowell's headquarters, when it was discovered that the Con- 
federates occupied the road between this brigade and Buckland's. 
McDowell then moved directly north and put his brigade in line 
on west side of Crescent field, facing east, where he engaged and 
drove back the for^e of the enemy moving into said field. The 
brigade then moved north-easterly across Crescent field and into 
Sowell field, facing south, its left at Sowell house, where it con- 
nected with McClernand at 11 :30 a. m., and advanced with him 
to the center of Marsh's brigade camp. Here the Sixth Iowa 
was transferred from right to center of brigade, and Thirteenth 
Missouri placed between the Fortieth Illinois and Sixth Iowa, 
the Forty-Sixth Ohio slightly in rear and to the extreme right of 
the line. 

At about 12 m. the brigade was attacked on its right flank by 
Trabue. In an engagement lasting until 1 :30 p. m. the Sixth 
Iowa had 52 killed — they were buried in one grave where they 
fell ; the Forty-sixth Ohio had 246 killed and wounded, and the 
Fortieth Illinois 216 killed and wounded. The brigade com- 
mander was thrown from his horse and disabled. At 2 :30 p. m, 
the brigade retired to the Landing and later formed behind Hurl- 
but. On Monday, the Sixth Iowa and Fortieth Illinois were at- 
tached to Garfield's brigade of Army of the Ohio, and remained 
with him until Wednesday, but were not engaged. 



Second Brigade. 
(Stuart's.) 

This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped at the junction 
of Hamburg and Purdy road with the Hamburg and Savannah 
road in the following order from left to right: Fifty-fifth Illinois, 
Fifty-fourth Ohio. Seventy-first Ohio; a company from each 
regiment on picket, one at Lick Creek Ford, two on Bark road. 
These pickets gave warning, about 8 a. m., April 6, 1862, of the 
approach of the enemy. 

Stuart formed his brigade on regimental color lines, but find- 
ing that he was exposed to artillery fire from batteries on bluff 
south of Locust Grove Creek, and obeying orders to guard Lick 
Creek Ford, he moved, at 10 a. m., to his left, placing the Fifty- 
fourth Ohio on his left behind McCullers field, the Fifty-fifth 
Illinois next to right, and the Seventy-first Ohio with its right 
behind the left of the Fifty-fifth Illinois camp. Chalmers placed 
his brigade in line on the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, and, 
after clearing Stuart's camps with his artillery, moved across the 
creek and attacked the Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Il- 
linois in position. After a short conflict Stuart withdrew to a 
ridge running due east from his headquarters. The right, 
Seventy-first Ohio, occupying the buildings used as Stuart's 
headquarters, was here attacked by the right of Jackson's bri- 
gade and very soon retired, leaving a captain and 50 men prison- 
ers. One part of the regiment under the major passed down a 
ravine to the Tennessee River, where they were picked up by a 
gunboat; another part retired to the Landing, where they joined 
the brigade at night. 

The Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, with Stuart in 
command, successfully resisted the attack's of Chalmers until 2 
]). m., when their ammunition was exhausted and they were 
obliged to fall back- to the Landing, where they re-formed at the 
Log House, the Fifty-fourth Ohio in what is now the cemetery, 
the Fifty-fifth Illinois to its right supporting Silfversparre's bat- 
tery, where they were engaged in resisting Chalmers' Sunday 
evening attack. Stuart was wounded on Sunday, and was suc- 
ceeded on Monday by Colonel T. Kilby Smith, who, with the 
Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, joined Sherman's com- 
mand and fouirht on riffhl next to Lew. Wallace all day. 



— 203 — 

Third Brigade. 
(Hildebrand's.) 

This brigade was encamped with its right, the Seventy-seventh 
Ohio, at Shiloh Church; its left, the Fifty-third Ohio, near the 
Rhea House and separated from the Fifty-seventh Ohio by a 
small stream with marshy margins. About 7 a. in., April 6, 1862, 
the brigade formed to meet the attack of the enemy, the Fifty- 
seventh and Seventy-seventh in advance of their camps in the 
valley of Shiloh Branch. The Fifty-third, being threatened by 
an attack in left flank, formed its line perpendicular to the left 
of its camp. While in this position the brigade was attacked 
from the front by Cleburne's and Wood's brigades. This attack, 
falling upon the exposed flank of the Fifty-third, compelled it to 
change front to the rear on left company and form a new line 
in rear of its camp. Attacked in this position, the regiment fell 
back disorganized, passing to the rear around the flank of the 
Forty-ninth Illinois, eight companies going to the Landing at 
once, two companies, under the adjutant, E. C. Dawes, joining 
the Seventeenth Illinois. The eight companies were re-formed 
near the Landing by the major and supported Bouton's battery 
in MeClernand's seventh line, and en Monday advanced with 
.Alurslrs command. 

The Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh were reinforced by 
Raith's brigade of the First Division and held their positions for 
some time, when they, too, fell back disorganized and were not 
again in line as regiments. Colonel Hildebrand acted as aid for 
General McClernand during Sunday. 

Fourth Brigadt . 

(Buckland's.) 

This brigade was encamped with its left at Shiloh Church in 
the following order from left to right : Seventieth Ohio, Forty- 
eighth Ohio, Seventy-second Ohio. It formed for battle Sunday 
morning, April 6, 1862, about 200 yards in front of its camps, 
where it withstood the attacks of Cleburne, Anderson, and John- 
son until 10 a. m. Its right flank was then threatened by Pond 
and Trabue and it was ordered to fall back to the Purely road. 
where its formation was broken by teams and the fleeing mass 



moving towards the river. The colonel of the Seventeenth Ohio 
with a portion of his regiment joined the Third Brigade of Mc- 
Clernand's division and fell back with it to Jones field, where it 
joined McDowell's brigade and was engaged with it until 1 p. m.. 
when it retired to the Hamburg road. The adjutant and 
forty men of the Seventieth joined the Eleventh Illinois and 
fought with it until night. The Forty-eighth and Seventy-sec- 
ond after a short engagement with the enemy retired to Ham- 
burg and Savannah road, where Colonel Buckland reorganized 
his brigade and was engaged in the 4:30 p. m. affair, after 
which the Forty-eighth retired to the river for ammunition, 
where it supported a battery in the last engagement of the day, 
and spent the night in line near the log house; the Seventieth 
and Seventy-second passing the night in bivouac near McAr- 
thur 's headquarters. 

On Monday the brigade was reunited, and, with Stuart's bri- 
gade, formed Sherman's line that advanced to the right of Mc- 
Clernand's camps, thence southwesterly along the front of said 
camps to Shiloh Church, where the brigade re-occupied their 
camps at about 4 p. m. 

Sixth Division. 
(Prentiss'.) 

On the 26th day of March, 1862, General Grant, by Special 
Order No. 36, assigned General Prentiss to the command of un- 
attached troops then arriving at Pittsburg Landing, with direc- 
tions to organize these regiments, as they arrived upon the field, 
into brigades, and the brigades into a division, to be designated 
the Sixth Division. 

Under this order one brigade of four regiments, commanded 
by Colonel Peabody, had been organized and was encamped on 
west side of the Eastern Corinth road, 400 yards south of the 
Barnes field. Another brigade, commanded by Colonel Miller, 
Eighteenth Missouri, was partially organized. Three regiments 
had reported and were in camp on the east side of the Eastern 
Corinth road. Other regiments on their way up the river had 
been ordered to report to General Prentiss, but had not arrived. 

The Sixteenth Iowa arrived on the field on the 5th and sent 
its morning report to General Prentiss in time to have it in- 



eluded in his report of present for duty that day ; it was not 
fully equipped and did not disembark from the boat until morn- 
ing of the 6th. The Fifteenth Iowa and Twenty-third Missouri 
arrived at the Landing Sunday morning, April 6, 1862. The 
Twenty-third Missouri reported to General Prentiss at his third 
position at about 9:30 a. m., and was placed in line at once as 
part of bis command. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa were, 
by General Grant's order, sent to the right to reinforce Mc- 
Clernand. They reported to him at his fifth line in Jones field, 
and were hotly engaged from about 1 p. m. to 2 :30 p. m. Hick- 
enlooper's Fifth Ohio Battery and Munch 's First Minnesota 
Battery and two battalions of Eleventh Illinois Cavalry had 
been assigned to the division and were encamped in rear of the 
infantry. One company from each regiment was on picket 1 
mile in front of the camps. On Saturday, April 5, a recon- 
noitering party under Colonel Moore, Twenty-first Missouri, was 
sent out to the front. Colonel Moore reported Confederate cav- 
alry and some evidences of an infantry force in front, but he 
failed to develop a regular line of the enemy. Prentiss doubled 
bis pickets, and at 3 a. m. Sunday sent out another party of 
three companies of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major 
Powell, to reconnoiter well to the front. This party encount- 
ered the Confederate picket under Major Hardcastle in Fraley's 
field at 4:55 a. m. These pickets at once engaged, and contin- 
ued their fire until about 6:30 a. m., when the advance of the 
main line of Hardee's corps drove Powell back. 

General Prentiss, hearing the firing, formed his division at 6 
a. m. and sent Peabody's brigade in advance of his camp to 
relieve tbe retiring pickets, and posted Miller's brigade 300 
yards in front of bis camp, with batteries in the field at right 
and left of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position the divi- 
sion was attacked at 8 a. m. by tbe brigades of Gladden, Shaver, 
Chalmers, and Wood, and driven back to its camp, where the 
contest was renewed. At 9 a. m. Prentiss was compelled to 
abandon his camp and fall back to his third position, which he 
occupied at 9 :05 a. m.. in an old road between the divisions of 
Hurlbut and W. H. L.Wallace. Hickenlooper lost two guns in 
first position and Munch had two disabled. Each brought four 
guns into line at the Hornets' Nest. Prentiss was here joined 
by the Twenty-third Missouri, which gave him about 1,000 men 



at his third position. With this force he held his line against 
the attacks of Shaver, Stephens, and Gibson, as described in 
account of Tuttle's brigade, until 4 p. m., when Hurlbut fell 
back and Prentiss was obliged to swing his division back at 
right angles to Tuttle in order to protect the left flank. "When 
Tuttle's left regiments marched to the rear Prentiss fell back 
behind them toward the Corinth road, and was surrounded and 
captured at 5 :30 p. m. near the forks of the Eastern Corinth 
road. Hickenlooper and Munch withdrew just before they were 
surrounded, Hickenlooper reporting to Sherman and becoming 
engaged in the 4 :30 action on Hamburg road. Munch 's battery 
reported to Colonel Webster and was in position at mouth of 
Dill Branch, where it assisted in repelling last attack Sunday 
night. 

First Brigade. 

(Peabody \s.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped on west side of 
Eastern Corinth road, about one-half mile south of Hamburg 
and Purdy road, in the following order from left to right : Six- 
teenth Wisconsin, Twenty-first Missouri, Twelfth Michigan, 
Twenty-fifth Missouri. Three companies of the Twenty-fifth 
Missouri, under its major, Powell, were sent out at 3 a. m., 
April 6, 1862, to reconnoiter. Moving southwest from camp, 
Powell passed between the Rhea and Seay fields into the main 
Corinth road, where one of Sherman's picket posts was stationed. 
Beyond the picket, and near the southeast corner of Fraley field, 
he encountered Confederate pickets, and was fired upon at 4:55 
a. m. After an engagement of over an hour, Powell fell back 
before the advance of Wood's brigade to the Seay field, where 
he was reinforced by Colonel Moore with his regiment, the 
Twenty-firsl Missouri, and four companies of the Sixteenth Wis- 
consin. Colonel Moore took command, but was soon severely 
wounded, and Captain Saxe, Sixteenth Wisconsin, was killed. 
Lieutenant Colonel Woodyard, Twenty-first Missouri, assumed 
command, and Avas engaged about one hour, when he fell back 
to Rhea field, where he was met by Colonel Peabody and the 
remainder of* the brigade. Peabody held the Confederates in 
cheek until 8 a. in., when he fell back to his camp. Here he was 



attacked by the brigade of Shaver and the right of Wood's bri- 
gade. Peabody was killed and the brigade forced to abandon 
its camp at 9 a. m. The brigade organization was broken up, a 
part retiring through McClernand's lines and about 200 of the 
Twenty-first Missouri and 100 of the Twelfth Michigan joining 
Prentiss at his third position, where they were surrounded and 
most of them captured at 5 :30 p. m. Sunday afternoon. 

Second Brigade. 
(Miller's.) 

This brigade had three regiments in camp — a fourth assigned 
and reported, but not yet in camp. The regiments were en- 
camped between the Eastern Corinth road and Locust Grove in, 
the following order from left to right : Eighteenth Wisconsin, 
Sixty-first Illinois, Eighteenth Missouri. The Sixteenth Iowa 
arrived at the Landing on Saturday, April 5, 1862. The colonel 
reported for duty and handed in his morning report, so that his 
regiment is included in Miller's report of present for duty. Not 
being fully equipped, the regiment did not go to camp, but 
remained at Landing ; on Sunday it, with Fifteenth Iowa, was, 
by order of General Grant, held for a time near the Landing to 
stop stragglers, and then sent to reinforce McClernand at his 
fifth line, where they were engaged and lost heavily. 

The Eighteenth Wisconsin arrived on the field on Saturday 
afternoon and went at once into camp, but did not get into the 
morning report of that day and are not included in Miller's 
present for duty. The brigade was formed for battle Sunday 
morning at 6 o'clock 300 yards in front of its camp, at south 
side of Spain field, where it was attacked by Gladden and Chal- 
mers at 8 a. m. and was driven back into camp, and at 9 a. m. 
was compelled to abandon its camp. Parts of the Eighteenth 
Wisconsin and Eighteenth Missouri, about 300 men, formed with 
Prentiss at his third position and remained with him until cap- 
tured at 5 :30 p. m. Tbe Sixty-first Illinois passed beyond or 
through Hurlbut's line and was in reserve behind that division 
all day Sunday, except about an hour when it relieved another 
regiment in front line. 



UNASSIGNED. 

The Fifteenth .Michigan arrived at Pittsburg Landing April 
5, 1862. Arms had been issued to the men, but no ammunition 
had been supplied. The regiment moved out upon the field early 
Sunday morning and formed line and stacked knapsacks, at the 
left of the Eighteenth Wisconsin in Locust Grove, just as 
Chalmers appeared in front and moved to the attack. Failing 
to obtain ammunition, Colonel Oliver ordered his men to fix bay- 
onets, as if to charge the approaching Confederates, but recon- 
sidered and about faced his men and returned to the Landing, 
where he obtained ammunition and again joined the fighting 
line at some place not now determined. On Monday morning 
the regiment joined Rousseau's brigade of the Army of the Ohio 
and fought with conspicuous gallantry all day. 

The Fourteenth "Wisconsin arrived upon the field Sunday 
night, and on Monday joined Smith's brigade of the Army of 
the Ohio and served with it all day. It assisted in the capture 
of a battery, one gun of which was awarded to this regiment 
and sent to the State of Wisconsin. 

Silf versparre 's battery (H), First Illinois, arrived upon the 
field Sunday, April 6. Its guns were four 20-pounder Parrotts. 
Horses had not been supplied. The men got the guns up the 
bank and placed them in battery in front of the Log House, 
where they were engaged Sunday evening. 

Bouton's battery (I), First Illinois, arrived at Pittsburg Sun- 
day morning fully equipped, but without drill, and with horses 
that had never been harnessed to a gun. The battery was taken 
ashore and reported to Sherman, and rendered good service in 
repelling last attack upon his line at 4:30 p. m. It remained 
with Sherman on Monday all day. and received special mention 
by Colonel Gibson of the Army of the Ohio. 

Siege Guns — Battery B. Second Illinois. The guns belonging 
to this battery were, under the direction of Colonel Webster, 
gotten ashore Sunday afternoon and placed in position one- 
fourth of a mile west of the Log House, where they formed a 
rallying point for all troops coming back from the front. 

Powell's battery (F), Second Illinois, was encamped near the 
landing awaiting an assignment which Captain Powell under- 
stood would place him in McClernand's division. After waiting 



— 213 — 

some time on Sunday morning for orders, Powell attempted to 
take his battery to McClernand. He moved out along the Cor- 
inth road, passing through Sweeny's troops at east side of Dun- 
can field and arriving near the Duncan House, after Hare's 
brigade had fallen back, found himself, suddenly, in close prox- 
imity to the Confederate line of battle. In retiring, one gun 
was upset and left just behind the Duncan field. With five guns 
Powell reported to W. H. L. Wallace near the left of his line, 
where he was engaged until about 5 o 'clock, when Captain Pow- 
ell was wounded and his battery retired to its camp, where it 
was engaged at 6 p. m. in the final action of Sunday. 

Margraf's Eighth Ohio Battery arrived at the Landing the 
last of March. By an order issued April 2, it had been assigned 
to the Third Division, but had not reported to that division. 
The only official report of its action is given in the report of the 
First Minnesota, which says that the "Eighth Ohio was on its 
left in the action of 6 p. m., Sunday, at the mouth of Dill 
Branch." 

Army of the Ohio. 

Soon after the consolidation of the Departments of the Ohio 
and Missouri, General Halleck ordered General Buell to move 
his army from Nashville to Savannah, Tenn., and form junction 
with the Army of the Tennessee. Upon General Buell's sugges- 
tion to march his army across the country rather than transfer 
it by boats, it was so ordered, and General Buell with the ad- 
vance of his army reached Savannah, Tenn., April 5, 1862. 
Early Sunday, April 6, General Grant informed General Buell 
by note* of the situation at Shiloh and ordered General Nelsonf 
to march his division up the east side of the Tennessee to a point 
opposite Pittsburg Landing, where boats would be found to 
ferry him across the river. General Buell and staff reached 
Pittsburg Landing by boat between 2 and 3 o'clock. Ammen's 
brigade, the advance of Nelson's division, arrived upon the field 
at about 5 :30 p. m., a part of it engaging in the repulse of the 
Confederates in the last attack of Sunday. During the night 
the remainder of Nelson's division and Crittenden's division 



*109 War Records, p. 232. 
1 11 War Records, p. 95. 



I 

. on t ho field, and o;\rly Monday morning two brigacl - 
ached tho Landing, 
In tl of the Tib the a ^ occupied the 

xtending in a semicircle from the ren 
— > - ith v>t* Dill Branch, to nortl - the Corinth 

on tho Landing, Nelson's dh sioi on the left, 
vlon in the center, Met i on the right enemy 

on a line slightly oblique to ours and beyond open fields, with a 
battery in front of Nelson's left, a battery in front of Critten- 
den's left, a battery in front I - l 

ad another battery in front of Met t's ] \ short 

e in rear of tho enemy's left were the encampments of 
maud's and Sherman's divisions, which the enemy held. 
While troops tting into position, Mendenhall's battery 

d the enen^i s - \ with some effect Bartlett's 

battery engaged the enemy's third battery,"* 
Tho . sions of the Army of the \ rd, pre 

: thoir reli - s in line, and became en 

about 8 a, m They advanced slowly until about 2 p. m . when 
\'\ - nsioi rrivetl just as the final retreat of the I 
federates began. In the forward movement MeCook's di> - 
kept the main Corinth road, Crittenden's division about the di- 

the eastern Corinth road. This separated the® 
sions s hat at about U a. in, Veatch and Tuttle, from tho 
Army of the Tennessee, were moved into the interval Ix 

ttenden and became engaged in the Review field. 

derates had retired from the field, and the 

Arnn io bivouacked on a line extending from Stuart's 

oar Shiloh Church, 
Ton-ill's battery U\ Fifth United States, belonging to Mo 
* :*s divis - detached for service with Nelson, at 

in notion on Hamburg road and at the Peach Orchard 

l\\ Kill Dl\ IMON 

\ Isoi - 

Tho head of tb - - arrived opposite to P - land 

Ing about 5 p m. April 6, 1862, One brigade, Ammen's, 

• and parts of the Thirty sixth Indiana and 

Knoll's report . 



•Sixth Ohio were engaged in the closing action of Sunday. Ai 
9 p hi the entire division had crossed the Tennessee Itiver and 

I 'd along the north side of Dill Branch, where ii bivouacked 

Sunday nighl with pickets across the branch. Ai 5 30 a m on 

the Fth ihr division advanced, and a1 i a. tn. for <l on south 

side of the branch and awaited Hie completion of the line Ai 
tfa in it attacked the Confederates in the Peach Orchard Mr,, 
denhall's batterj with Hi.' righl and Terrill's battorj with the 
left The division gained the south side of the Poach Orchard 
ai 2 i>. in. Hi.- Confederates retiring. This closed the conflict 
"M Hi.' left, 'I'll,' division remained in line until night and 
bivouacked with its lefl in Stuart's camps, its righl near I'ren 
iiss' headquarters. 



T< nth ttritittd, . 

I Am ii 's | 

This brigade, composed of Hi,' Thirtj sixth fndiana and the 
Sixth and Twentj fourth Ohio, crossed the Tennessee River ai 
i SO |) in. Sunday, April ii. 1802. Righl companies of the 
Thirty-sixth Indiana and four companies of the Sixth Ohio were 
formed one quarter of ;i mil.' in fronl of the Log House in sii|> 
porl of Stone's battery, "the lefl in ;i ravine parallel with the 
Tennessee River .-in. I having water in it." These companies par 
lieipated in the final repulse of the Confederates Sunday night. 
The Twentj fourth Ohio was senl one-half mil.' to the right, 
bul did no! become engaged. After the repulse of the enemy 
the brigade formed 300 yards in advance .mi the c.resl of the 
bluffs of Dill Branch, whore il bivouacked Sundav night. On 
M.>n.l;i\ ii formed line of battle with Hi.' Thirtj sixth Indiana 
on ihr left, the Sixth Ohio on Id.' right, and Hi.' Twenty fourth 
oino in reserve, and .-ii 5:30 a. m. crossed the ravine .-in. I ;ii s 
• i in became engaged on the extreme lefl of the I n ion line. 
near Tennessee River. AI aboul 11 a. m. Ammen's advance 
was checked b? an attcmpl of Confederates to turn his left. He 
was reinforced bj s,.,'.>n.l rowa and another regimenl and re 
pulsr.l the attack, II.' reached Stuart's camp a1 aboul 1 p. m., 
hui w;,s driven back, Ai 2 p. m, (his camp was again taken, 
ihr Confederates retiring from this pari of ihr field 



Nineteenth Brigade. 

(Hazen's.) 

This brigade reached the battlefield at 9 p. m., April 6, 1862, 
and bivouacked on the right of the division, south of the siege 
gun battery, in the following order : Ninth Indiana on the left, 
Sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Forty-first Ohio in reserve. 
The brigade advanced at 5 :30 a. m., April 7, and became en- 
gaged about 8 a. m. at Wicker field. The Ninth Indiana lost 
heavily at the house on the north side of the Peach Orchard. 
The brigade then advanced to the Wheat field, where a battery 
was captured and its guns spiked by the Forty-first Ohio. This 
advanced position was held only a few minutes, the brigade fall- 
ing back somewhat disorganized to Wicker field, from which it 
advanced at 2 p. m., across the west side of Peach Orchard, and 
took position near Prentiss' headquarters. It was not again en- 
gaged, and bivouacked there Monday night. 

Twenty-second Brigade. 
(Brace's.) 

This brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing about 6 o'clock 
Sunday evening, April 6, 1862. It bivoucked between the Tenth 
and Nineteenth Brigades, the Second Kentucky on the left, the 
First Kentucky on the right, and the Twentieth Kentucky in 
reserve. 

It held the center of the division all day and was engaged in 
a charge across the Peach Orchard, in which a battery was cap- 
tured and lost again. At 2 p. m. the enemy retired and this 
brigade took position on south side of Peach Orchard, where it 
bivouacked Monday night. 

Fifth Division. 

(Crittenden's.) 

This division, consisting of the Eleventh and Fourteenth Bri- 
gades and Mendenhall's and Bartlett's batteries, came from 
Savannah on boats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing during the 
night of Sunday, April 6, 1862, and bivouacked along the Cor- 
inth road in the rear of Nelson's division. Early Monday morn- 



ing it moved out and formed line in front of the camps of the 
Thirty-second and Forty-first Illinois, joining Nelson's right, the 
Fourteenth Brigade in front line, the Eleventh Brigade in re- 
serve. At about 8 a. m. the division advanced and soon after 
became engaged at the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle on 
Sunday. Bartlett's battery on the right near the fork of the 
eastern Corinth road was engaged until 12 noon, when it retired 
to the Landing for ammunition. Mendenhall's battery was en- 
gaged on Nelson's right until after noon, when it took position 
in rear of the Fifth Division and was there engaged until the 
close of action. 

The division was engaged along the eastern Corinth road and 
east of Duncan field about four hours, in which time both bri- 
gades and all its regiments were repeatedly engaged. It ad- 
vanced, capturing some guns; was repulsed and driven back to 
the road several times. At about 2 p. m. it gained and held the 
Hamburg and Purdy road, which ended the fighting on this 
part of the line. It bivouacked Monday night in front of Pren- 
tiss' camps. 

Eleventh Brigade. 

(Boyle's.) 

This brigade formed in rear of the Fourteenth Brigade at 8 
a. m. Monday, April 7, 1862, near Hurlbut's headquarters, in 
the following order from left to right : Ninth Kentucky, Thir- 
teenth Kentucky, Nineteenth Ohio, the Fifty-ninth Ohio in re- 
serve. At about 10 a. m. it became engaged at the east side of 
Duncan field, the Nineteenth Ohio in front of Bartlett's battery. 
The brigade relieved the Fourteenth Brigade and w T as engaged 
on the front line in two or three engagements, and finally took 
position on right of the Fourteenth and held it until night. The 
Nineteenth Ohio was at 12 m. sent to the support of Nelson's 
division and was engaged at the Peach Orchard. 

Fourteenth Brigade. 

(Smith's.) 

This brigade formed in front of the camps of the Thirty-sec- 
ond and Forty-first Illinois at 8 a. m., Monday, April 7, 1862, 
in the following order: Thirteenth Ohio on the left, Twenty- 
sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Eleventh Kentucky in re- 
serve. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was attached temporarily to 



the brigade and placed on the right of the Twenty-sixth Ken- 
tucky. It served with the brigade all day. The brigade ad- 
vanced, with its right on eastern Corinth road, and became 
engaged along the sunken road, where Tuttle and Prentiss 
fought on Sunday. It advanced through the thick brush and 
assisted in the capture of a battery in the Wheat field, but was 
obliged to abandon it and return to old road. In the final action 
about 2 p. m. it captured some guns of another battery, which 
were successfully held as trophies by the brigade. 

Second Division. 
(McCook's.) 

The advance of this division, Rousseau's brigade, reached 
Pittsburg Landing Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and took its 
place in line of battle at 8 a. m. on Crittenden's right. Kirk's 
brigade formed in rear of Rousseau. These brigades were joined 
by Gibson's about noon. The advance of the division was along 
the Corinth road to the Water Oaks Pond, where it was engaged 
at noon. Its last engagement was at Sherman's headquarters, 
from which point the Confederates retired from the field. 

Terrill's battery belonging to this division was engaged on 
Nelson's left until 2 p. m.. when it moved toward the right and 
engaged a battery in McCook's front. 

Fourth Brigadi . 

(Rousseau 's. I 

This brigade formed in line of battle on Crittenden's right 
at 8 a. m., April 7, 1862, in front of the camp of the Third 
Iowa, in the following order: Sixth Indiana on the left, First 
Ohio in the center, First Battalions of Nineteenth, Fifteenth, 
and Sixteenth United States Infantry on the right, and the 
Fifth Kentucky in reserve. The Fifteenth Michigan was at- 
tached temporarily to this brigade and served with it all day. 
At 9 a. m. the brigade advanced across Tilghman Creek and 
engaged Trabue's brigade until about 11 a. m., when Trabue 
retired and Rousseau advanced to Woolf Field, where he found 
fi force of Hie enemy mi ils west side. His ammunition being 
exhausted, Rousseau retired and Kirk's brigade took his place 
in Hie (irst line. As soon as ammunition was supplied Rousseau 



took position again in the front line and engaged the enemy 
until he retired from the field. 

Fifth Brigade. 

(Kirk's.) 

This brigade was in rear of Rousseau until about noon, when 
it relieved that brigade and formed in front line behind the 
Water Oaks Pond in following order: Thirty-fourth Illinois on 
the left. Thirtieth Indiana in the center, and the Twenty-ninth 
Indiana on the right; the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania de- 
tached to the left, where it was twice charged by cavalry. Later 
in its advance the Seventy-seventh captured Colonel Battle, 
Twentieth Tennessee. The Thirty-fourth Illinois in the first 
advance passed directly through Water Oaks Pond. Its com- 
mander, Major Levanway, was killed, and Colonel Kirk, com- 
manding the brigade, was wounded. The engagement here was 
the last effort of the Confederates to hold their line, and closed 
the fighting for the day. 

Sixth Brigade. 
(Gibson's). 

This brigade arrived upon the field about noon and joined its 
division at Woolf field, and was at once ordered into line on 
Kirk's left, where it became engaged at once. The Thirty-sec- 
ond Indiana was detached and is mentioned in the reports as 
having made a bayonet charge in front of Kirk's brigade near 
the pond. It followed the retiring Confederates until ordered 
to return. It failed to find its division and bivouacked by itself 
Monday night. The other regiments of the brigade bivouacked 
near the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. 

Sixth Division. 
(Wood's.) 

This division arrived upon the field about 2 p. m. It was 
ordered into line on Crittenden's right. When it got into posi- 
tion the battle was about over, and only Wagner's brigade 
became engaged, and that only for a few minutes, the Fifty-sev- 
enth Indiana having four men wounded. The division biv- 
ouacked in rear of the right of Prentiss ' division camps. 



222 



The Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission cannot forbear 
to call the attention of readers to the fact that it took the Con- 
federate Army, as shown by the foregoing graphic description, 
made clear by the accompanying map, from 4:55 a. m., April 6, 
1862, when the battle opened on the picket line of Prentiss' divi- 
sion, inside the three-mile circle, till 6 p. m., to push back the 
Union forces practically to the half-mile circle from the landing, 
where, before 6 o'clock p. m., the Union forces had established a 
compact, unbreakable line of defence, which the Confederates 
failed to successfully assail. 

The comments made by the press agents on the conduct of the 
troops who fought on Sunday, April 6, 1862, were outrageously 
false and unjust to the gallant soldiers, and were a disgrace to 
the newspaper profession, because of their untruthfulness. Why 
high officers of the Army of the Ohio, as well as many others 
holding inferior positions therein, deemed it proper to vilify and 
denounce as cowards men, though not belonging to their own 
army, but their comrades in arms, who had so valiantly con- 
tested every foot of ground for over twelve hours, has always 
remained a mystery, and stands today against these calumnia- 
tors to their everlasting shame and disgrace. 

There is absolutely no doubt that if the Army of the Ohio 
had failed to arrive, the Army of the Tennessee alone, with such 
troops as belonged to its own organization, and which joined in 
the battle of Monday, the 7th of April, would have completely 
defeated the Confederate army and driven it from the field in 
utter defeat. See "Grant's Memoirs, 7 ' Vol. 1, page 286; also 
"Sherman's Memoirs," Vol. 1. page 273. 




Beautiful Monument at "Hornets' Nest," 
Shiloh National I*arU. 



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Entrance to Sliiloh National Cemetery. 



A Trip to Shiloh. 

By Judge Jacob Fawcett. 



Among the many regiments that were engaged in the historic 
battle of Shiloh, at Pittsburg Landing. Tennessee, on April 6 
and 7. 1862, were the Fourteenth. Sixteenth and Eighteenth 
Regiments of Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. These regiments 
had all marched away from their home State less than four 
weeks prior to the opening of that great battle. During those 
two days of terrible fighting the losses in the three regiments 
were: Killed, 7!); wounded, 345; missing, 203; total, 627. 

The United States Government purchased the ground over 
which the battle was fought, consisting of about 3,650 acres, and 
established a national military cemetery and park. Numerous 
meetings were had upon the old battlefield by soldiers and com- 
manders of both the Union and Confederate armies, for the pur- 
pose of locating the exact positions of the regiments, brigades, 
and divisions of both armies at the opening of the battle, and 
also during the various stages of the same ; and as a result, all 
of those positions are now permanently marked by large metal 
tablets securely riveted to metal posts set in concrete sockets. 
The positions during the first day are marked with square tab- 
lets, and those of the second day with oval tablets. The tablets 

15 



for the Army of the Tennessee (Union) are painted blue, those 
of the Army of the Ohio (Union) yellow, and those of the Army 
of the Mississippi (Confederate) red. The dead who, after the 
battle, had been buried on all parts of the field, were later re- 
moved to the cemetery, which had been artistically laid out on 
the hill overlooking Pittsburg Landing. A more beautiful 
location could not have been selected. The view up and down 
the now world-known Tennessee River is unobstructed for many 
miles each way. With bluffs on one side and lowlands on the 
other and the rapidly running river between ; with the cemetery 
high enough to overlook them all, it is a place of enchantment 
for the living and of assured rest for the dead. 

After the Government had set apart the battlefield as a United 
States military park, the various States in the Union began 
erecting monuments upon the field in memory of their regiments 
that had participated in the battle. In 1901 the Legislature of 
Wisconsin made an appropriation for the erection of a monu- 
ment to commemorate the deeds of valor of its regiments which 
had taken part in the fight. This appropriation was increased 
in 1903 to $15,000.00, to which an additional thousand was sub- 
sequently added to cover the expense of dedication. Acting 
under the authority given by the Legislature, Governor La Fol- 
lette appointed Captain F. H. Magdeburg of Milwaukee. D. G. 
James of Richland Center, R. E. Osborne of La Crosse, Adju- 
tant D. Lloyd Jones of Milwaukee, and J. W. Baldock of 
Chilton, to carry out the provisions of the act. The commis- 
sioners at once entered upon the work assigned to them and dis- 
charged their duties in such an intelligent and patriotic manner 
that they are entitled to and will doubtless receive the unanimous 
and hearty approval of the citizens of the great State which 
they represented in this important work. 

The monument having been completed, Governor Davidson 
fixed upon April 7. the forty-fourth anniversary of the second 
day's fighting at Shiloh, as the date for the dedication of the 
monument. The commissioners saw fit, for reasons best known 
to themselves, to invite the writer to deliver the dedicatory ora- 
tion, and kindly invited his wife and daughter to accompany 
him as their guests on the memorable trip to Shiloh. of which I 
will now ;il1cni|)( to give ;i description. 



At 10 :45 in the evening of April 2 we boarded the Burlington 
train for St. Louis, via Kansas City. We reached Kansas City 
early in the morning of April 3, and after spending four hours 
strolling around that stirring, wide-awake Western city, we took 
the Burlington-Alton Red Flyer for "the city at the other end 
of the bridge," as Chicago people sarcastically term the beauti- 
ful city of St. Louis. Here we were joined by Mrs. E. R. 
Buckley, daughter of President Magdeburg of the commission, 
and the adopted daughter of the Fourteenth Regiment. AYed- 
nesday morning, April 4, found our little party of four steaming 
across the prairies of Southern Illinois for Paducah, Kentucky. 
At Carbondale, Illinois, we were attacked by the Wisconsin dele- 
gation, headed by President Magdeburg and Secretary James of 
the commission, who took us bodily from our train and rushed 
us aboard the "Wisconsin special," composed of Pullman cars 
with a diner attached, which the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
pany had generously placed at the disposal of the Wisconsin 
party. Our transfer from our regular train to the "Wisconsin 
special" was so sudden and unceremonious that we feel safe in 
saying that we were more surprised then than Grant was at 
Sliiloh. The first thing we really understood and fully compre- 
hended after the attack was when we found ourselves seated in 
a sumptuous dining car with the jolly men and lovely women 
of Wisconsin all about us. We proved ourselves equal to the 
occasion, however, and immediately proceeded to demonstrate 
the fact that the erstwhile citizens of Wisconsin who have emi- 
grated to the great growing West are fully able to hold their 
own in a contest of the kind that was then going on. We 
arrived at Paducah about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and found 
ourselves, with our baggage, set out on the sidewalk in the sub- 
urbs, wondering what we were there for and how we were ever 
going to get away. In the dim distance we could see the steam- 
boat awaiting us, but just how we were going to get that promis- 
cuous and stupendous pile of suitcases down to the aforesaid boat, 
to say nothing of how we were going to arrive there ourselves, 
was a question which, for a time, seemed impossible of solution. 
Comrade Osborne of the commission had gone ahead to make all 
arrangements, but, not knowing of the generosity of the Illinois 
Central Railroad Company, he had taken carriages to the main 
depot, at which the regular train was expected to arrive, while 



our special had taken a short cut and landed us at another 
depot a mile or so distant. Comrades Magdeburg and James, 
however, proved themselves to be masters of transportation, for 
by the aid of the telephone they soon had the palatial electric 
cars of Paducah at our disposal. "All's well that ends well," 
and in due time we found ourselves on board the magnificent 
steamer "City of Saltillo," the largest and newest boat of the 
St. Louis and Tennessee River Packet Company. The telephone 
was again set to work, and Comrade Osborne notified of the 
fact that we were already aboard the boat, and as soon as elec- 
tricity could bring him aboard, he joined us, and the skillful 
manner and ease with which he got our party of ninety-five 
assigned to their various staterooms caused us to think that he 
had possibly mistaken his calling and to conclude that he ought 
to be the clerk of some big ocean liner. About 5 o'clock in the 
evening our steamer "cast off" and began the trip up the Ten- 
nessee River, a trip which will never be forgotten by those who 
were fortunate enough to be numbered as members of the party. 
A more genial, whole-souled and painstaking crew than the one 
into whose hands we fell would be hard to find. Captain J. 
Koger of the Confederate army, superintendent of the packet 
company, accompanied us to see that everything possible was 
done to make our trip enjoyable, and with the assistance of Cap- 
tain H. N. Crane, Clerk S. C. Baker, and Steward Frank Gill, 
our wants and slightest wishes were eared for in such a manner 
as to secure for those officials the thanks of our entire party. 
Our original schedule called for our arrival at Pittsburg Land- 
ing on the morning of April 7, but on leaving Paducah the 
officers of the boat assured us that if no bad luck befell them, 
they would land us at our destination twenty-four hours earlier 
than the schedule and thus enable us to spend both the 6th and 
Till of April, the anniversary of both the first and second day's 
fighting, upon the old battlefield. This promise they made good, 
for when we awoke on the morning of April 6 and looked out 
of our staterooms Ave saw, looking just as it had looked forty- 
tour years before, the little landing on the west bank of the 
Tennessee River where we had left our boats and marched up 
the hill to take our places in the army of the Union. 

Tlie trip up and down the river was a novel one to a great 
many of the members of our party, as they had never seen the 



mate with his crew of deckhands loading and unloading- freight 
on and off a steamboat. The deckhands were all darkies, and 
typical ones they were, too; as jolly a lot of dogs as you would 
see anywhere. The ease with which they carried, on shoulder 
or head, sacks of grain or heavy pieces of freight up and down 
the muddy banks of the river was truly wonderful. The fact 
that they had slept on boards or gunnysacks during the night 
did net seem to cast any damper upon their rollicking, care-free 
dispositions. The only thing that was lacking, as compared with 
similar scenes on the old Mississippi in earlier days, was the 
mate's profanity. It was such a remarkable deviation from the 
old-time rule that we sought the captain to ascertain the cause 
of this lapse on the part of the mate. Captain Crane laughingly 
replied that profanity was tabooed by their company; that the 
mates on all their boats were strictly prohibited from the use of 
profanity in any form while on duty. Early one morning, how- 
ever, while the other officers were at breakfast, the mate made 
use of his freedom within our hearing by applying some pretty 
strong adjectives to a couple of darkies, who, in their mirthful- 
ness, had knocked a sack of corn off of the shoulder of one of 
the other men, which caused the bursting of the sack and the 
spilling of some of the corn. Mrs. F. was rather indignant at 
the profanity, but I confess that I thought the occasion rather 
warranted the disregard of instructions by the mate. 

The Tennessee River is navigable three hundred and sixty-five 
days in the year. Captain Crane informed me that even when 
the Ohio River is frozen so that teams may cross over it on the 
ice, the Tennessee River at the wharf in Paducah is still open. 
This must necessarily make the business of boating on the Ten- 
nessee River more than usually lucrative. 

As we passed the point where Fort Henry once stood, we were 
surprised to learn that not a vestige of the fort remained. There 
is absolutely nothing there, not even a landing place for boats. 
Even so does the hand of time and the vicissitudes of business 
obliterate what once had been an important place in the world's 
history. 

One thing impressed us greatly, viz., the little change that has 
taken place along the banks of the Tennessee River since we 
traversed it forty-four years ago. With the exception of John- 
sonville and Danville, both of which are railroad towns, and a 



— 230 — 

slighl improvement in the old town of Savannah, nine miles be- 
low Pittsburg Landing, there were scarcely any changes to be 
noted. We know nothing of the interior of the country along 
the line of the river, yet we cannot but think that if this river 
had Mowed from the north into the Ohio, instead of from the 
south, there would he numberless thriving, hustling towns all 
along its banks. We think that the negro is a drawback to the 
South. In the North every man works, including "father," 
while in the South nobody works who can hire a negro. Illus- 
trative of this, Mrs. F. and 1 went ashore at one point and 
walked about a quarter of a mile from the landing to what 
appeared a prosperous farmhouse, with peach trees in bloom 
in the orchard. On arriving there we were surprised to find 
the house, both outside and in, together with all of its surround- 
ings, in a most dilapidated condition. On going into the orchard 
to gather some peach blossoms, we found two young colored 
Iioys plowing. They had a small plow which a Wisconsin or 
Nebraska farmer would consider a toy. To it was hitched one 
horse. One boy was leading the horse and the other holding 
the handles of the plow, while sitting on the grass with his back 
up against a peach tree, listlessly whittling, was the white owner 
of the place, a healthy, strapping man of about forty-five years 
of age. We fear this scene is too nearly illustrative of the man- 
ner in which all work is done in the South, and never until 
labor has become dignified in that land, and men come to be- 
lieve, as we do in the North, that there is honor in honest toil, 
will the South experience anything like the general prosperity 
and thrift that Ave have in the North. 

After partaking of a hurried breakfast on the morning of the 
6th, we were loaded by the commissioners in vehicles of all de- 
scriptions (the best obtainable) and driven over the old battle- 
held. How real everything seemed to us who were there in '62, 
and how real it was made to appear to our wives and daughters, 
who. for the first time in their lives, were walking over and 
viewing a great battlefield. The positions of the various regi- 
ments, brigades, and divisions, both of the Union and Oonfed- 
eiate armies, are so accurately indicated by the metal tablets to 
which we have already referred, that one can commence, as we 
did in the front of Prentiss' division, where the fighting first 



hegan, and follow the line of fighting clear back to the last lines 
formed by Grant on that memorable Sunday afternoon. While 
standing viewing the Hornets' Nest and looking at the markers 
which indicated the three lines of battle by which the Confeder- 
ates made their assault upon that point, Mrs. F. remarked to 
me that in imagination she could almost see the Confederate 
columns advancing and the terrible tire from the old sunken 
road by which they were repulsed. We looked at the spot where 
Captain Saxe of Company A of the Sixteenth Wisconsin Avas 
killed — the first officer on the Union side who gave up his life 
for the Union in that great battle. In the party, as central fig- 
ures while we viewed the spot, were Mrs. Charles W. Spaulding 
of Chicago and Mr. Alfred J. Saxe of Aurora, Illinois, daughter 
and son of Captain Saxe. How their minds and hearts must 
have gone back to that time when their honored father upon 
that very spot laid down his life for his country! Again, as we 
stood in front of the monument and saw depicted there their 
father as he was falling and his sword dropping from his hand, 
they realized, as they could not have done under any other cir- 
cumstances, the sacrifice which they, through their stricken 
father, had made for the nation we love so well. We stood on 
the spot where General Albert Sidney Johnston, commander-in- 
ch ief «»f the Confederate forces, was killed. We visited the 
bloody pond and found it there just as it was before the battle, 
but not as it was after the battle. It covers a space of ground 
about equal to an ordinary city block. Before the battle, as 
when we viewed it now, the water had its natural color, but 
after the battle it Avas red with the blood of soldiers and horses 
who had sought its protection from the hail of lead and the heat 
of the sun during that terrible fight. Hence its name. 

The Government is preserving the old battlefield in its natural 
state. Not a hill is being cut down or a depression filled, but 
its exact topography is maintained, so that all coming genera- 
tions may Avails: over this battlefield and know that it is just as 
it Avas on the 6th and 7th days of April, 1862. The roads have 
been thoroughly graveled, so that there are noAv tAventy-three 
miles of good gravel road traversing this field. One hundred 
and ten monuments have been erected by the Northern States, 



and one only by the South, viz., Tennessee,* which has erected 
a very handsome monument indeed. The Government has 
erected five mortuary monuments, one for General W. II. L. 
Wallace, one for Colonel .Julius Raith, and one for Colonel Ever- 
ett Peabody, all of the Union army; one for General Albert 
Sidney Johnston and one for Brigadier General A. H. Gladden 
of the Confederate anny. There are over four hundred histori- 
cal tablets of iron on iron posts set in concrete sockets. Two 
hundred bronze cannon used during the Civil War are mounted 
at places where they fought, on cast iron carriages which are fac 
similes of the old wooden carriages used during the battle. The 
National Government has expended over half a million dollars 
and the States over two hundred thousand dollars on this park 
and cemetery. There were eighty-three camps of various kinds 
on the ground at the beginning of the battle April 6. each of 
which is carefully marked by an iron tablet in the form of a 
cross section of a wall tent. In the cemetery proper there art 1 
three thousand six hundred and seventeen graves. Of those 
who are buried in those graves, one thousand two hundred and 
forty are known, while two thousand three hundred and st r< nty- 
si Vi n are unknown. Just inside of the gate as you enter the 
cemetery from the superintendent's house is grave No. 3589, in 
which lies Henry Burke, "the drummer boy of Shiloh." In a 
semi-circle surrounding the flag staff in the center of the ceme- 
tery are the graves of H. L. Thomas, Erwin Rider, L. E. Knight, 
J. L. Holeomb, J. P. Willis and N. A. Perry, color guards, as 
the writer is informed, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin. On one of 
the tablets in the cemetery is written : 

"The muffled drum's sad mil 1ms beat 
The soldier's last tattoo. 
No more on life's parade shall meet 
That brave and fallen few." 

Brave indeed they were, but not so very few. it seemed to us 
as we viewed the row after row of stones at the heads of the 
graves of those three thousand six hundred and seventeen brave 
men who "no more on life's parade shall meet." 

The national commissioners at the present time are Colonel 
Cornelius Cadle, chairman, of the Army of the Tennessee; Major 



Since this was written a monument has been erected for Al; 



J. H. Ashcraft of the Army of the Ohio, and General Basil W. 
Duke of the Army of the Mississippi (Confederate). Major 
D. W. Reed is the secretary and historian, while as superintend- 
ent of the cemetery we found -Comrade George P. Dean, formerly 
of Grand Island, Nebraska, and one of the former sheriffs of 
Hall county. As soon as he learned that the writer was one of 
the party, he sent us an invitation to visit him, which we lost no 
time in doing, and one of the pleasant remembrances that Mrs. 
F. and I will have of our trip is the visit which we had with 
Comrade and Mrs. Dean in their cosy home on the battlefield 
of Shiloh. Just inside the cemetery and near Comrade Dean's 
residence is the stump of the old tree under which General 
Grant spent that long Sunday night between the first and sec- 
ond day's lighting. In his memoirs he says that after spending 
a portion of the night under this tree in the beating rain, and 
suffering from the injury to his foot which he had received a 
few days before, he went to the house which stood near by to 
escape the inclemency of the weather. "When he arrived there 
lie found them bringing in the wounded, and the groans and 
terrible suffering of the wounded were such that he left the 
house and returned to his position under the tree, where he 
spent the remainder of the night. The tree died and was cut 
off about twelve or fifteen feet above the ground. Its trunk is 
now completely covered by a beautiful ivy, from which Mr. 
Dean cut a number of slips, which he presented to Mrs. P., and 
which she brought home with her, hoping that she may be able 
to have it grow, so that she may continually have with her a 
vine from the old Grant tree at Shiloh. 

We feel like going outside of the limits of this sketch at this 
point to say a word or two in answer to the oft-repeated state- 
ment that Grant would have been whipped at Shiloh but for 
the arrival of General Buell with his army. Such is not the 
fact. General Grant had the battle of Shiloh won at four 
o'clock in the afternoon of the first day. When he told General 
Prentiss to hold his position at the Hornets' Nest until 4 o'clock, 
and that he would then have his lines perfectly adjusted and 
formed, he knew what he was talking about. General Prentiss 
made good. He not only held that position until 4 o'clock, but 
he held it until 5:30. By 4 o'clock that afternoon General 
Grant had his lines so formed that if neither night nor Buell 



had come, the result at Shiloh would have been the same which 
history now records. General Johnston knew that the only 
way for him to win that battle Avas to hurl his brave men, col- 
umn after column, in a concentrated body, against Grant's scat- 
tered divisions, hoping thereby to rush the fighting and drive 
Grant's army into the Tennessee River. But he found himself 
opposed to a commander who never got "rattled" and who 
never planned a retreat, in command of an army of patriots who 
upon enlisting to fight the battles of their country had not 
si i idied the definition of the word defeat. Neither Grant nor 
his men ever had any other thought that day except to win that 
battle. The character of Grant as a commander is well shown 
by three declarations of his made during the war, declarations 
which, together with his record as a commander, establish the 
fact that he was indeed the man for the emergency of the Civil 
War. The three declarations referred to are these : First, 
when the criticism was made that he did not have boats enough 
at Pittsburg Landing to transport his army in case of defeat, 
he calmly answered, "There were boats enough there to carry 
all the men we would have had left if we had been defeated." 
Second, that famous declaration of his, "We will fight it out on 
this line if it takes all summer," and, third, at a council of war 
held in his tent during the Battle of the Wilderness, his sub- 
ordinate officers had all been discussing the best plan of retreat. 
Grant sat smoking and saying nothing. After each one had 
given his ideas, one of them turned to. Grant and said, "General 
Grant has not yet given his idea as to the best plan of retreat." 
Grant quietly removed his cigar from his mouth and answered, 
"Gentlemen, I have not given up whipping them yet." He 
then gave each of his subordinate commanders their instructions 
for a forward movement the next morning, and history tells us 
how the Battle of the Wilderness terminated. These remarks 
by General Grant reveal the character of the man. He had un- 
bounded confidence in his men and an abiding faith in himself. 
He was a born commander. A master of the science of war and 
a true American, who thought of his country's success only, 
leaving his own personal interests to take care of themselves. 
With such a man in command of such an army, there was no 
such thing as defeat. He never suffered defeat in any battle 
where he was in command, and there never was a moment dur- 



ing that figb.1 at Shiloh on Sunday when he was not sure of 
victory. In making these statements. I do not for one moment 
wish to be understood as attempting to detract one iota from 
the reputation of General Buell or the magnificent army under 
his command. As soon as they arrived upon the field they 
were ready to, and did, take their places on the firing line, and 
during the second day did their full share of the fighting. 1 
have said what I have simply in vindication of my old friend 
and commander, General Grant, one of the grandest men this 
nation has ever produced and one of the greatest commanders 
the world has ever known. To him, and to him alone, belongs 
the glory of marshaling his untrained recruits in the face of an 
apparently resistless enemy, attacking him in a manner which 
gave them every advantage over him, and so calmly, steadily, 
bravely and skilfully handling those recruits as to turn what 
would have been crushing defeat to almost any other commander 
into a glorious victory for the Union. 

After a most interesting day spent on the battlefield, we all 
returned to the boat and started for an evening trip further up 
the river. At Eastport, .Mississippi, and Riverton, Alabama, 
lengthy stops were made to enable the party to go ashore and 
set foot on the soil of those two Southern States. This was the 
farthest south that many of our party had ever been, and made 
a total of eight States covered by our trip. After our party 
had retired for the night, the boat steamed back down the river, 
and on rising next morning we found ourselves again at Pitts- 
burg Landing, ready for the exercises of the second day. 

April 7, the day se1 apart for the dedicatory exercises, was 
ideal. The air was balmy and a light, filmy cloud shielded us 
from the rays of the sun. As soon as breakfast was over we 
went ashore and formed in line for the march to the monument. 
Comrades H. J. Smith of Racine and Thomas Steele of Depere, 
each carrying a beautiful United States Hag. headed the pro- 
cession. Marching between them, the proudest "man" of the 
three, was the young son of Comrade W. H. Pier of Richland 
Center, Wisconsin, a bright little fellow about six years of age. 
It was interesting to watch this sturdy young son of a veteran 
keep his place in line during the march of a mile and a halt' 
to the monument. We thought as we saw him marching along 
between the color-hearers, with his head erect and ever and anon 



proudly Looking up at Old Glory, that here was a true son of a 
worthy sire, and a genuine type of the real American hoy. May 
he live long to horn r the old rla.u 1 under which he so proudly 
marched that April morning. The column of old soldiers, many 
of whom have passed that period in life when they are ahle to 
"keep step" or to "take the position of a soldier," but whose 
eyes still shine with the loyalty and enthusiasm of former days, 
was "followed by the ladies of the party and people from the 
surrounding country in carriages and wagons and on horseback, 
all seeming imbued with the true spirit of the occasion which 
had called them together. As we marched along we met the 
people coming from all directions in carriages, buggies, wagons, 
on horseback, muleback, and on foot. While many of the turn- 
outs were good and up to date, some of them were crude indeed ; 
in fact, they were of that ancient type which carried us back to 
the days "before the war." But, however crude the vehicles 
which carried them, the people impressed us with the conviction 
that they were loyal citizens of our reunited nation. Their de- 
meanor during the exercises, and indeed throughout the entire 
day, indicated that they had not come from idle curiosity alone, 
but that they had come to aid in showing their respect for the 
brave men whose death in the battle fought upon that field so 
many years ago had resulted in the exercises that day held. In 
spirit we clasp hands with them all and extend to them a sol- 
dier's greeting and a hearty wish that the years to come which 
they spend in the sunny Southland may be years of happiness 
and prosperity. 

The monument is one of the most beautiful on the field. Its 
total height is fourteen feet four inches. Each figure in the 
bronze design is seven feet in height. There is a double stone 
base, upon which rests the dais, which is nine feet four inches 
wide, seven feet eight inches deep and six feet high. Each of 
the four faces of the dais has an inlaid bronze panel. On one 
of the panels is the coat-of-arms of the State of Wisconsin ; an- 
other represents the Fourteenth Wisconsin capturing a battery; 
the third represents the opening of the fight by the Sixteenth 
Wisconsin on the picket line, and shows Captain Saxe just as 
he is falling after being killed by the fire of the enemy, with his 
sword dropping from his hand; the fourth shows the Eighteenth 
Wisconsin at the Hornets' Nest. The Hornets' Nest was the 



hottest and most deadly fought portion of the field. The Six- 
teenth and Eighteenth Wisconsin both participated in that 
deadly struggle. Surmounting the dais is the main design of 
the monument in bronze. It represents Victory in the form of 
a chaste and beautiful woman, who, with one hand, is holding 
aloft the flag, with its shattered staff, while with the other she 
supports the form of the stricken color sergeant who has carried 
it through the thick of the fight, and who now presses his hand 
upon the death wound near his heart as if to stay the hand of 
death long enough for him to see and realize that the battle has 
been won, and that the flag for which he is giving up his life 
is waving in triumph over his head. It is a beautiful design, 
and is perfectly executed. No citizen of Wisconsin who ever 
visits the battlefield of Shiloh in the future will have any occa- 
sion to be ashamed of the magnificent monument erected by his 
State. May our loyalty to the Government for which the men 
thus remembered laid down their lives be as enduring as the 
granite and bronze of this beautiful monument. Promptly at 
the hour set — 9 :30 in the forenoon of the 7th — Captain Magde- 
burg stepped to the front of the platform and called upon Eev. 
W. D. Dunn, pastor of Shiloh Church, to open the exercises 
with prayer. The invocation of the reverend gentleman was full 
of earnestness and evident patriotism. The next number on the 
printed program was "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," by 
the Savannah Military Band. But the band repeated the his- 
tory of that day forty-four years before by failing to make the 
trip from Savannah to Shiloh on time ; with less serious results, 
however, for Miss Lucile Strang, niece of Secretary James, was 
on the platform, and, in emulation of her energetic uncle, who 
is always ready to fill a gap, she came to our rescue and sang 
the "Red, White and Blue." General J. H. Stibbs of Chicago 
then recited James Whitcomb Riley's poem, "Old Glory," in a 
manner which caused every patriotic heart to swell with pride 
for the old flag. The next number was the "Battle Hymn of 
the Republic," sung by Mrs. E. R. Buckley, daughter of Cap- 
tain Magdeburg. Next came the dedicatory address by the 
writer. Upon that I have no comment to make, except that I 
profoundly appreciate the many kind words in reference thereto 
spoken to me by the members of our party and the numerous 
letters of like import which I have received from them since my 



return home. I shall carefully preserve those letters to gladden 
my heart by re-reading them when old age shall have retired me 
from the activities of life, should an all-wise Providence so 
"lengthen out my days/' During the delivery of the address 
the Savannah Military Band arrived upon the scene, and, after 
we had concluded, played "Dixie." We are happy to say that 
the playing of that Southern air was very differently received 
by us of the North than it would have been had any band at- 
tempted to play it on that ground forty-four years before. We 
were then favord with "Decoration Day on the Place," by Gen- 
eral Stibbs, another of James Whitcomb Riley's Gems. Our 
daughter, Alice, then sang "Tenting Tonight on the Old Camp 
Ground," the audience of a thousand people joining in the 
chorus, after which Comrade G. S. Martin of the Eighteenth 
Wisconsin recited an original poem written for the occasion, 
which was received with great satisfaction by the audience, and 
which reflected unusual credit upon the author. Then came the 
formal part of the transfer of the monument by Captain F. H. 
Magdeburg, president of the commission, who, in well chosen 
words and in a manner well suited to the occasion, formally 
transferred the monument to the State of Wisconsin. After the 
Savannah Military Band had rendered the "Star-Spangled Ban- 
ner," Governor James 0. Davidson of Wisconsin, on behalf of 
the State, accepted the monument from the commission, and in 
a patriotic and able address presented the same to the United 
States Government. The acceptance of the monument on behalf 
of the Government was made by Colonel Cornelius Cadle, who 
had been specially selected by the Secretary of War to represent 
him on that occasion. Then followed an address by General 
Basil W. Duke of the Confederate army. We feel that it were 
well worth a trip to Shiloh to listen to that address by General 
Duke. It was extemporaneous, and came straight from the 
heart. There was no sycophancy whatever in his utterances, but 
in a straightforward and manly way he gave us the Southern 
view of the Civil War and its results. After declaring, what 
we of the North have always conceded, that they (the South) 
were sincere in their belief that they were right, he further 
claimed, what many good lawyers of the North have admitted, 
that constitutionally they were right. Tie maintained that the 
States having voluntarily come together, they constituted a con- 



— 241 — 

federaey of States from which any one had a perfect right, 
whenever it so desired, to withdraw; but he said that, looking 
at it from the standpoint of the country at large, they were 
wrong, and we were right; that if they had succeeded in estab- 
lishing the precedent which they sought to establish, by with- 
drawing from the Union, other States would have had an equal 
light to do so, and their own States would have had the same 
right to withdraw from their confederacy; and as a result, in- 
stead of having today this great nation of which we are all so 
proud, and which stands as the foremost nation of the world, 
there might have been a large number of petty governments 
within our present boundaries, which would have made our pres- 
ent greatness impossible. Therefore, he said he was glad that 
we had been successful in our efforts to preserve the Union, and 
that the people of the South would lay down their lives today 
for the old flag as willingly and loyally as would the people of 
the North. The general is a ready and fluent speaker, and 
seemed, on that occasion, to be in one of his best moods. "We 
were all delighted with his address. 

At the conclusion of General Duke's address, the entire audi- 
ence rose and joined in singing "America,"' after which Pastor 
Dunn pronounced the benediction. This closed the exercises, 
and the dedication of "Wisconsin's monument to its honored 
dead at Shiloh had passed into history. 

Tin- singing of the ladies was a feature of the exercises. They 
all three seemed to catch the spirit of the occasion, and their 
sweet voices Avon the hearts of the old veterans and the hearty 
approval of all. 

There wore a goodly number of ex-Confederate veterans on 
the ground, and the cordial manner in which the blue and the 
gray greeted each other and discussed the battle conclusively 
verified the statement Ave have often made, that, so far as the 
men Avho fought on both sides of the Civil War are concerned, 
that Avar is over and has left no animosities in its Avake. After 
the exercises Avere over an old Southerner came up to me and 
greeted me with : "Well, I see you Avere in Prentiss' division." 
I said: "Yes, I Avas there." He replied: "Well, I Avas there, 
too. on the other side." I said: "Maybe you are the son of a 
gun Avho shot me." He laughed heartily and ansAA^ered : "I 
shouldn't wonder, for I Avas trying hard enough to shoot some 



242 

of. vim fellows at that time." You can well imagine that my 
visit with my old-time enemy was not marred by any bitterness 
on either side. Colonel Cadle related another circumstance to 
me which goes to show that the war is over and that the people 
of the South have accepted its solution of the questions which 
then divided us. He said: "Every year since we have had 
charge of the cemetery we have decorated the graves of both the 
Union and Confederate soldiers. For a number of years we 
planted at the head of each Union soldier a little flag. We had 
always felt that we would like to do the same with the graves 
of the Confederates. Three years ago I took the matter up with 
a number of the citizens and ex-Confederates, and told them 
what we would like to do. They were pleased with the sugges- 
tion and said to me, 'Go ahead and do it, colonel. It will please 
our people very much, for we want to say to you that if those 
men Avere alive today they would be just as loyal to and fight 
just as quick for the old flag as would the men of the North.' 
Since then, on Memorial Day we plant a flag at the head of 
every grave in the park, whether the occupant wore the Union 
blue or the Confederate gray." During the afternoon follow- 
ing the dedicatory exercises of the morning the Confederate 
veterans held a reunion in Shiloh Church. The Misses Ada and 
Vi<la -laiues. Miss Keys and our daughter, learning of the re- 
union, drove out to the church. As soon as they entered, the 
chairman of the meeting suspended proceedings and, recogniz- 
ing our daughter as one of the ladies who had sung in the 
morning, stepped up and gave her a cordial greeting, which 
greeting was extended by himself and the other Confederates 
to the visting party of young ladies. Captain Norcross of 
Janesville, Wisconsin, with a party of Union veterans (whose 
names I do not now recall) had preceded the ladies to the 
church, and were mingling with the "Johnnies" with as much 
freedom and enthusiasm as they would have manifested at a 
reunion of "Yanks" in Wisconsin. The meeting then reopened, 
and Captain Norcross was invited to address them, which he did 
in his customary happy and eloquent vein. These incidents 
formed some of the pleasing features of our visit, and inspired 
us with a firm conviction that there is now no North nor South, 
but that we are one in our love for and devotion to the princi- 
ples of our National Union. 



— 243 




At 6 o'clock that evening the cables were loosed, the gang- 
plank raised, the prow of our noble steamer turned toward the 
north, and we started on our homeward journey. As the boat 
sped away, we stood and took one last, long, lingering look at 
the field which in 1862 was the scene of death and carnage, but 
which in 1906 had, by the softening influence of time and the 
fostering care of the National Government, been the scene of 
patriotic retrospect and joyous thanksgiving at the thought that 
the brave men who had died there had not died in vain. 

At Savannah, nine miles below Pittsburg Landing, our 
steamer landed, and we all went ashore, where we visited "the 
Cherry mansion," which was General Grant's headquarters up 
to the commencement of the battle. We also stood upon the 
bank of the river at the spot where Governor Harvey was 
drowned. As we stood there, our hearts went out in gratitude 
to that noble patriot, who lost his life while trying to do every- 
thing in his power to ameliorate the condition of his brave boys 
who had suffered in that terrible battle. The river will ever 
flow on to the sea. There is no spot in it to indicate where he 
went down, but our faith in the gratitude of the people of Wis- 
consin is such that we believe his memory will never cease to 
be cherished until those waters cease to flow, which will be at 
the end of time. 

After leaving Savannah, we learned that Mr. and Mrs. R. D. 
Morrow of Danville, Tennessee, were aboard. Mrs. Morrow, 
then a little girl of eight years, lived at Savannah during the 
war. At a campfire held in the saloon of the boat the next 
evening, Mr. and Mrs. Morrow were called upon to address us, 
and each responded in a manner very pleasing to our party. 
The fluency and tact with which Mrs. Morrow entertained us 
with a description of her experiences during the war stamped 
her as a woman of much more than average ability and attain- 
ments. If she lived in Omaha, she would certainly be a star 
member of our woman's club. Her father, while born and 
raised a Southern man, was thoroughly Union in his sentiments. 
He was also opposed to slavery. She told us why. She said 
that his mother had died when he was a babe and that he had 
been really raised by a colored "mammy." When he was a 
little boy some six or seven years old, his father, at the demand 
of his second wife, who was jealous of the little boy's love for 



— 246 — 

his colored "mammy," sold the faithful colored woman, and 
as she was torn away from the little hoy, he then and there, 
child as he was, declared that when he grew to be a man he 
would do everything' in his power to abolish slavery and make 
it impossible to sell human beings. This resolve grew with his 
growth and strengthened with his strength, and when the 
crucial hour of '61 arrived, he left his home and family and 
sought the Union lines, where he enlisted as a Union soldier and 
fought the battle of freedom to its finish. 

Our days on the boat passed pleasantly indeed. Tt was in- 
teresting to view the changing scenery along the river banks 
and to study the people, white and black, assembled at the land- 
ings where we stopped to put off or take on freight. There were 
many little diversions. At the first peep of day one morning 
Ave were aroused by the vigorous crowing of a lusty cock. "We 
supposed we were at some landing, but on looking out of our 
stateroom window Ave found that our boat was ploughing away 
in the middle of the channel. It seems that during the night 
they had taken on a shipment of chickens at one of the landings. 
The dampness of the morning — for it was raining hard — did not 
seem to dampen the enthusiasm of old chanticleer, for he 
sounded his note of welcome to the coming day with as much 
assurance and enthusiasm as if he had been perched upon the 
fence in his old-time barnyard. At one landing where we 
stopped the steward told us that they were going to take on a 
consignment of hogs. As the gangplank was lowered Ave won- 
dered how they were going to get those' stubborn animals aboard, 
for the only '•rooters" Ave could see were a couple of dozen in 
a pen a distance of about fifty yards up the incline from the 
landing. The gangplank had no sooner been loAvered, however, 
than a dozen deckhands rushed up the hill, grabbed hold 
of the pigpen and slid the pen. pigs, and all down the bill 
to the boat, where they were unceremoniously, but with great 
shouting and demonstrations on the part of the darkies, rushed 
aboard the boat. It was the first time any of us had seen hogs 
taken to market in moving pens, and caused no little diversion 
to the members of our party. The feature of our trip, so far as 
life aboard the boat was concerned, was the eampfire or miscel- 
laneous entertainment by the members of the party each even- 
ing. Our party consisted of Indies and gentlemen from various 



parts of the State, to which were added the Stibbs-Spaulding- 
Saxe delegation from Chicago, our own party from Omaha, and 
last, but not least, Mrs. E. R. Buckley, from Missouri. To 
which I must also add Steward Frank Gill, all bright, intelli- 
gent, cultured people of varied accomplishments, so that we 
were able each evening to give a program of oratory, declama- 
tion, song, and darky preaching which would have entertained 
any audience anywhere. General Stibbs is a regular recitation 
magazine gun ; and, notwithstanding the fact that he was called 
into action day after day and time after time, we never found 
his magazine empty. He is "a whole show" all by himself. 
He had a worthy competitor in the party in the person of Mrs. 
Alfred J. Saxe, who escaped a strenuous life aboard ship only 
by concealing her talent until a late hour the last evening. 
Then there was Captain Norcross. The eloquence of that 
youngster was a thing to be both admired and remembered. 
His response to the address of Mrs. Morrow was so appropriate 
and captivating that that delightful little lady embra — no, 
almost embraced him. Seriously, our party was charmed with 
his talks. But the star number was a darky sermon by that 
eminent divine, Frank Gill — he of the culinary department. 
This religious effort on the part of "Brother" Gill so exhausted 
him that he was compelled to at once repair to Major Ashcraft's 
room for *' recuperation." On Sunday morning during our 
return trip we all gathered in the saloon of the boat, and re- 
ligious services were conducted -by Rev. Samuel G. Ruegg, a 
Congregational clergyman from Stockbridge, Wisconsin, who 
favored us with a most excellent sermon. The entire party par- 
ticipated in the exercises with as much earnestness and sincerity 
as any in which they had ever taken part in their home churches. 
We arrived at Paducah Monday morning, April 9. Here the 
Wisconsin party were to leave the boat and take the train for 
home. Mrs. F. and daughter and I concluded that we would 
remain on the boat until it reached St. Louis; so we went ashore 
with the Wisconsin party and accompanied them to their depot, 
remaining with them until the whistle of our boat admonished 
us that it was time to go aboard. We then bade them a reluc- 
tant good-bye. Our six days' association on the boat had drawn 
us very closely together. So much so that we felt like a great 
family of brothers and sisters. It seemed to us that we had 



— 250 — 

always been together and that we ought never to separate. But 
we had come to the parting of the ways. Our "trails" led in 
different directions. Theirs toward the north pole, ours toward 
the setting sun. But, however widely our pathways through 
life may separate us in the body, our hearts will always have 
the same fraternal beat, and in spirit we will ever be one; and, 
however much of the past may, by the vicissitudes of life, be 
driven from our memory, they can never efface our remembrance 
of our trip to Shiloh. 

When we returned to the boat, it seemed so lonesome and for- 
lorn that the only thing I can compare it with is returning to 
the home after a funeral. We were so utterly lonesome that, 
four hours later, when the boat reached Cairo, we took our grips 
and went ashore and boarded the train for home. We believe 
the officers of the boat were sorry when "the Wisconsin party" 
were compelled to leave them. They said to me that it was the 
most enjoyable party they had ever taken up the river, and they 
had taken a good many. 

In conclusion, let me say one more word as to the commis- 
sioners. We do not believe it would have been possible in the 
entire State of Wisconsin to have found any gentlemen who 
could have better performed the arduous duties which devolved 
upon these commissioners from the time of their appointment to 
the conclusion of the exercises and the separation of the party. 
Each of the four commissioners with us seemed bent upon doing 
everything in his power to work for the general good and to 
make the affair a success which would he a credit to their State. 
Our only regret is that Commissioner D. Lloyd Jones received 
his final discharge and went to "the great beyond" a little over 
a year ago. We w T ish he could have been with us to witness the 
successful culmination of the efforts of the commission of which. 
up to the time of his death, he had been secretary. He was ad- 
jutant of our regiment, and I would have been glad indeed to 
grasp his hand once more and to have again renewed the friend- 
ship of '61 to '6."). But it was ordained otherwise; and to that 
Will which so ordained we all must reverently bow. Governor 
Davidson and his charming wife were a royal and respected 
addition to our party. We are glad of the opportunity to have 
made their acquaintance. We were impressed with the fact 
1hat Ihe Governor is an honest, honorable, and true man, and 



Ave sincerely hope that the people of our old State will, at the 
coming election, give him all credit for the honest and able 
administration which we are sure he is giving them as governor 
by succession, by making him their governor by election. 

As we look back over those six days spent together, and, in 
our minds, look again into the faces of that jolly and loyal 
party from Wisconsin, we feel constrained to say that they were 
a royal lot of people, among whom there were no cranks or 
kickers to mar the pleasure of the trip, and that there was not 
one in the party whose hand we would not gladly grasp again, 
or whom Ave would not cheerfully Avelcome to our Omaha home. 
There Avas, therefore, nothing to cause us to regret, but every- 
thing to make us ever remember with genuine pleasure our 
''trip to Shiloh." 




Rhea Springs. Shiloh National .Military Park. 



Resolutions Adopted by the Excursionists on Board of 
Steamer City of Saltillo. 

We, the members of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument dedica- 
tion party, attending the unveiling of Wisconsin's monument 
on the battlefield of Shiloh, unanimously declare : 

That April 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 will always be red letter days 
in our lives, which not even the assaults of time can efface. 

That the friendships which we have formed on this trip will 
ever be prized by us as the most enjoyable and valuable that 
we have ever formed. 

That Captain F. H. Magdeburg, president; D. G. James, sec- 
retary; Rockwell E. Osborne and J. W. Baldock, members of 
the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission, have performed 
their arduous duties as commissioners in a manner which has 
never been excelled, and which will receive the commendation 
and hearty approval of the citizens of the grand old State of 
AVisconsin. 

That the commissioners are requested to extend to the officials 
of the Illinois Central Railroad Company our hearty thanks for 
the many courtesies extended to us by them on our trip from 
Chicago and St. Louis to Paducah. 

That the St. Louis and Tennessee River Packet Company is 
one of the best transportation companies we have ever known, 
and that Superintendent J. Koger, Captain H. N. Crane, Clerk 
S. C. Baker and Steward Frank Gill are worthy officials of that 
splendid company. That they and their subordinates have, by 
their uniform courtesy and gentlemanly treatment, made our 
six days' trip on the good steamer "City of Saltillo" one con- 
tinuous period of enjoyment. 

That we will never forget the forty-fourth anniversary of the 
battle of Shiloh, nor the brave boys who fell on that historic 
field. 

That we pledge anew our loyalty and devotion to our nation, 
our State and our honored dead, and, as we separate to travel 
again our different pathways through life, we will take with us 
pleasant recollections and loving thoughts of our "Trip to* 
Shiloh." 

Jacob Fawcett, President. 
Pliny Norcross. Secretary.. 



The following Officials and Comrades with their Wives 

and Children were Members of the Excursion to 

Pittsburg Landing and Participated in the 

Dedicatory Services on the Battle 

Field, April 7,1906. 



NATIONAL COMMISSIONERS. 

Col. < !ornelius Cadle < 'iiu-iiin.it i. < >. 

Major J. H. Ashcraft Paducah, Ky. 

General Basil W. Duke Louisville, Ky. 

.Major D. W. I teed Pittsburg Lauding, Tenn. 

Captain James W. Irwin Savannah. Tenn. 

WISCONSIN OFFICIALS. 

Governor James O. Davidson Madison, Wis. 

Colonel John G. Salsman Madison, Wis. 

General Joshua Hoclgins Marinette, Wis. 

Colonel Isaac Watson Stephenson Marinette, Wis. 

WISCONSIN COMMISSIONERS. 

Capt. F. II. Magdeburg Milwaukee. Wis. 

R. E. Osborne La Crosse, Wis. 

D. G. James Richland Center, Wis. 

J. W. Baldock Chilton. Wis. 

COMRADES AND FRIENDS. 

Mrs. J. W. Baldock Chilton, Wis. 

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. M. Beattie Antigo, Wis. 

Mr. J. E. Blackwood Yppleton. Wis. 

Miss Ada B. Briggs Milwaukee, Wis. 

Mr. William Buchanan Yppleton, Wis. 

Mrs . Grace E . Magdeburg Buckley Rolla , Mo . 

Mrs. Cornelia K. Davey Minneapolis, Minn. 

Mrs. James O. Davidson Madison. Wis. 

Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Dreutzer Wauwatosa, Wis. 

Miss Ruth A. Dreutzer Wauwatosa, Wis. 

Judge and Mrs. Jacob Fawcett Omaha, Neb. 

Miss Alice M. Fawcett Omaha, Neb. 

Capt. George W. Graves Berlin. Wis. 

Mr. and Mrs. W. IT. Grinnell Beloit, Wis. 

Miss Ada L. James Richland ( Jenter, Wis. 

Mr. Norman L. .Tames Richland ( "enter. Wis. 

Miss Vida L. James Richland Center. Wis. 

Mr. J. H. Jones Waupaca . Wis. 

Mr. Merritt L. Jones Wausau, Wis. 

Mr. J. G. .Towers Olive Hill. Tenn. 

Mr. W. H. Kaer Metropolis. 111. 

Miss Oda C. Keys Richland Center, Wis. 

Mr. P. W. Kilwine Brodhead, Wis. 

Capt. James Koger, C. S. A Paducah, Ky. 

Dr. David LaCount Wausau, Wis. 



Miss Lora M. LeHew Richland Center, Wis. 

Mr. E. C. McFetridge Beaver Dam, Wis. 

Mr. George B. McMillan Grand Rapids, Wis. 

Mr. G. S. Martin Madison, Wis. 

Mr. John H. Moore Horicon, Wis. 

Mr. and Mrs. R. D. Morrow Danville, Tenn. 

Mrs. O. G. Munson » Viroqua, Wis. 

Lieut. W. D. Niles Necedah, Wis. 

Capt. Pliny Norcross Janesville, Wis. 

Mr. Theo. Orphal Hilbert, Wis. 

Mr. .and Mrs. H. C. Phelps Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Mr. H. C. Phelps, Jr Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Mr. William H. Pier Richland Center, Wis. 

Master McKay Pier Richland Center, Wis. 

Capt. T. S. Rogers Downers Grove, 111. 

Rev. Samuel G. Ruegg Stockbridge, Wis. 

Mrs. John G. Salsman Madison, Wis. 

Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Saxe Aurora, 111. 

Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Smith Racine, Wis. 

Capt. E. R. Soper Emmetsburg, la. 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Spaulding Chicago, 111 . 

Mr . and Mrs . Thomas Steele Depere , Wis . 

General and Mrs. J. H. Stibbs Chicago, 111. 

Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Strang Richland Center. Wis. 

Miss Lucile Strang Richland Center, Wis. 

Mr. Ezra H. Stnart Brodhead, Wis. 

Mr . Frank Tesch Chilton , Wis . 

Mr. Fred Ties Brodhead, Wis . 

Mr . Lewis L . Trexel Neshkoro , Wis . 

Mr. Richard Trexel Neshkoro, Wis . 

Mr. Thomas Turriff Depere, Wis . 

Capt. D. F. Vail St. Paul. Minn. 

Miss Margery Waldo Milwaukee, Wis. 

Mr. Thomas L. Wallace Metropolis. 111. 

Mr . James C . Watson Berlin , Wis . 

Mr. E. E. Williams Beaver Dam. Wis. 




STKAMKR "CITY OF SALTILLO." 
H. X. Crane. Capt. S. C. Baker, Clerk. Frank Gill. Steward. 



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